How will the pension reform affect disabled people of groups 1, 2, 3?

Retirement age for men 2021

New pension reform, which was launched in 2021. implies a gradual increase in the retirement age for working Russians by five years. This is due to the increase in life expectancy of citizens with a simultaneous decrease in the birth rate that occurred in the 1990-2000s. As a result, there has been an imbalance in the ratio of people of working age to pensioners in favor of the latter. The decrease in tax revenues from working citizens has caused problems with the payment of pensions for people who have retired.

To reduce the number of pensioners in the country, a new reform was launched. The catalyst here was the outbreak that broke out at the end of 2014. financial and economic crisis that caused a budget deficit. The completion of the “age reform” is scheduled for 2025, when the pension threshold for the male part of the workforce reaches 65 years. With the average life expectancy of the male population in the Russian Federation at 71 years, the “survival age” of male pensioners should be reduced from today’s 11 years to 6 years by 2025 (71 years - 65 years).

That is, purely statistically, the total number of pensioners should decrease by 45%, freeing up a large amount of budget money allocated today for the payment of pensions.

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Perhaps, the Russian Government expected a negative effect from the Russian population, but was not ready for mass protest. As a result, many different events occurred around the pension form, which we will discuss.

Petition that proposes to cancel pensions for working pensioners

The situation with the initiative regarding the abolition of pension payments to pensioners who continue to work is actively developing.

More recently, a certain Irina Arapova created a petition that called on citizens of the Russian Federation to sign up for the initiative to cancel pensions for Russians who continue to officially work. Currently, 28 thousand people have already signed it.

The author of the petition believes that if a person can work in retirement, then he is able to take care of his needs without a pension benefit. And if this is so, then this money can be redirected in another direction - increasing pensions for non-working citizens.

Yaroslav Nilov, who is the head of the State Duma Committee on Social Policy, said - this is not correct, the petition is absurd.

“Either the petition is a provocation, or an attempt, against the backdrop of a negative public reaction, to create a destabilizing situation. It’s difficult to say for sure, but canceling pensions for all working pensioners is a shameless initiative. People have already earned their pension insurance, and just because they continue, they will stop getting paid?” – Yaroslav Nilov emphasized.

According to the State Duma deputy, if this approach becomes reality, then pensioners will begin to quit en masse, and they will continue to work, just unofficially.

Legislative draft on pension inheritance

This proposal was made by A Just Russia, and it has already been submitted to the State Duma for consideration. The project was commented on by the faction leader Sergei Mironov.

And again, changes in the pension reform - what will Russians get as a result?

“Imagine, one of the spouses dies and does not live to see the pension payment. Then the second spouse receives a pension until the end of the officially calculated survival period of another 5 years. That is, a person will receive two pensions at the same time,” this is the position of Sergei Mironov.

At the same time, the head of the faction suggests that it is better to allow inheritance for immediate relatives, who are such in accordance with the RF IC. These include children who may become heirs to pension benefits.

According to some experts, inheriting a pension is a smart proposition. After all, the deceased person worked, including for a future pension, so why can’t his relatives receive it? The State Duma is unlikely to support such an initiative, because it would be unnecessary expenses for the state.

About the retirement of northern women

The issue of a new pension system is being discussed in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Let us remind you that in the northern regions you can retire early. In accordance with the innovation, women can no longer work from the age of 58, and the stronger sex from the age of 60.

However, if a northern woman has two children and twenty years of insurance work experience, then she has the right to receive a pension at the age of 50.

Minimum length of service for pension

In addition to age, the calculation of pensions is also affected by length of service. This term refers to the entire period of a person’s working activity. Today's standards establish a certain number of years required for a person to accrue an insurance pension. If during his life he has not accumulated the required number of years converted into pension points, then he does not have to count on an insurance pension.

Since 2015 There is a gradual increase in the insurance period and the number of points required for an insurance pension. So, for 2015 these indicators were 6 years of experience and 6.6 points, then in 2021 - 12 years and 18.6 points.

Before the first pension reform, which began in the 90s of the twentieth century, length of service played a fundamental role in calculating the amount of the pension. Since 1998 The main factor for calculations was the insurance period, calculated in years. In 2015, potential retirees were faced with yet another change in their retirement conditions: pension points were introduced. If a citizen has collected the required number of points by the retirement age, then he is awarded an insurance pension. Its value directly depends on these very points. You can familiarize yourself with the algorithm for calculating them and independently calculate your personal insurance period according to the new rules on the official website of the Pension Fund or on our page with a pension calculator.

For persons who, for some reason, have not completed the required length of service and have not earned the required number of points, a logical question arises: “Will they be left without a pension in such a situation?” Not at all. The state will not leave its citizens without a pension under any circumstances. In case of insufficient experience, a person is assigned a minimum social pension, which today is equal to the average Russian subsistence level. At the beginning of this year it amounts to 11.3 thousand rubles.

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Attention! Citizens with insufficient length of service but who have already reached the age of 60 will be able to receive a social pension only when they reach 65 years of age. This is due to the ongoing pension reform to increase the pension threshold.

Basic provisions

Pension reform provisions you need to know:

• The project will be finally adopted only in the fall of 2018.
• The beginning of the increase in PV is the first day of the 19th year.
• PV will increase smoothly. The transition time for men is 10 years, for women – 16 years.
• The reform does not apply to those persons who are already retired. That is, if a person is retired, he does not need to leave it to work.
• The reform will first affect men born in the 59th year and women born in the 64th year. That is, they will be the first to retire late.
• The transition step to a new PV is 1 year. That is, every year the PV will increase by a year.
• The reform will be fully implemented in the 28th year for men and in the 34th year for women. The first in 28 will retire at 65. Women in 34 will go on vacation at 63.
• One of the goals of the reform, as stated by the state, is to increase the indexation of pensions. Previously, indexation was 400-500 rubles. It is expected that indexation will be increased to 1,000 rubles.
• The increase in PV does not apply to all categories of pensioners. Benefits remain for representatives of hazardous professions, mothers of many children, residents of the Far North and other categories of citizens.

It is now known for sure that the PV will increase from January 1, 1919.

Who is entitled to early retirement?

The initial draft law on raising the retirement age met with a mixed reaction in Russian society. Some people greeted him with understanding, but the majority of citizens approaching retirement age showed a sharply negative reaction. As a result, the president was personally forced to initiate amendments and additions to Federal Law No. 350. Among other things, these amendments also affected the male part of working citizens.

Thus, the effect of the new pension legislation on persons who previously received the right to early retirement was canceled. The list of such citizens is given in Federal Law No. 400 “On Social Pensions”.

The reasons for early retirement, according to the provisions of Articles No. 30-32 of this legal act, are:

• Work in areas with difficult climatic conditions.
• Working in a hazardous or unhealthy workplace.
• Disability resulting from certain injuries and illnesses. This includes persons who were disabled in military conflicts, suffering from diseases of the pituitary gland, as a result of loss of vision.
• Caring for a disabled child. In this situation, the guardian of a disabled person receives the right to reduce the pension threshold by 1 year for every year and a half of caring for a disabled child.

All blue-collar professions that give the right to early retirement have been divided into two lists since Soviet times. Depending on inclusion in a particular list, the required length of service and retirement age are established.

This, for example, includes workers in the nuclear power industry, chemical industry, metallurgists, and miners. A specific list of professions included in the first and second lists of hazardous professions is given in Federal Law No. 400 and its annexes.

In some cases, citizens working in enterprises and institutions with normal working conditions also have the right to early retirement. This becomes possible if a citizen of pre-retirement age was laid off due to the liquidation of an enterprise or due to a reduction in the number of employees at it. In this situation, you can retire when there are no more than two years left before reaching retirement age.

To do this, a male employee must have over 25 years of work experience. You will also need to register with the employment center. If within a six-month period there is no suitable vacancy for a redundant employee, he has the right to apply to the Pension Fund for the accrual of an insurance pension in accordance with the pension points accumulated up to that time. In addition to the listed professions, teachers and medical workers have the right to early retirement.

The need to reform the pension system

A large number of citizens are interested in the question of why there was a need to develop a bill to raise the retirement age. Current legislation determines the age of retirement at 55 years for women and 60 years for men. This norm has been in effect since 1932 . Workers of special categories (military, teachers, civil servants, workers in difficult climatic or production conditions) can count on receiving a pension certificate 5-10 years earlier.

Due to the difficult demographic situation, the country has a predominance of the elderly population over the young. Accordingly, there is an acute shortage of workers paying required contributions to the Pension Fund. As a result, a budget deficit arises, and difficulties are felt in providing the state with pensioners and beneficiaries. The new law is designed to find the necessary funds for indexing already issued payments.

Retirement of teachers and doctors

Teachers and doctors have the right to retire early in accordance with Federal Law No. 400 and Government Decree No. 555. The list of specialties that allow male teachers to qualify for termination of work upon reaching the established age:

• Director of the educational institution.
• Deputy director (head teacher).
• Teachers of universities and secondary educational institutions.
• Secondary school teachers.
• Kindergarten teachers.

To obtain the right to early retirement, a teacher will need to work in his profession for at least 25 years. In this situation, he has the right to apply for an insurance pension five years earlier than other working citizens on a general basis.

Another area of ​​the social sphere whose workers can count on early retirement is medicine. Male doctors working in hospitals, clinics, maternity hospitals and outpatient clinics can take advantage of this opportunity under the following conditions:

• Work experience in the field of medicine in rural areas is 25 years.
• Work experience in cities and towns - over 30 years.

Changes in the pension threshold that occurred in accordance with Federal Law No. 350 also affected medical workers. Starting from 2021 the minimum permissible retirement age for them increases in proportion to the increase in the retirement age for other citizens. This relationship is shown in the following table:

What do experts and scientists say about the pension system?

The pension system is actively criticized. First of all, this is due to the fact that many are afraid that they will not live to see this time. But HSE staff believe that these are not arguments.

The Higher School of Economics released a report in which researchers confront critics of the pension reform and try to refute the opinion about early mortality in the Russian Federation and support the implementation of pension reform.

Russians live longer or the statistics are lying

According to information for 2021, the average life expectancy of Russian citizens is 66 years for men and 77 years for women. And this is slightly higher than the limits to which the Russian Government has limited the retirement age. Based on this, citizens argue that they can live in retirement for several years, and then die.

The Deputy Director of the Higher School of Economics claims that this is not true. According to him, the average mortality rate is determined in aggregate, regardless of a person’s age for a certain time interval, so it is inappropriate to link such figures specifically to pensioners.

It is also noted that the problem of mortality in middle age is acute, but it does not concern the life expectancy of the older generation; accordingly, it is impossible to talk about it in the context of the new pension system.

What pitfalls did the government include in the new pension reform?

According to scientists, the basic survival rate for men who are now 65 years old is 13 years, and for women 19 years.

Reform cannot be delayed

If we compare the number of pensioners in the Russian Federation and European countries, then in our country their share is much smaller. Based on this information, many people come to the conclusion that the Government was hasty in introducing the pension system. But it cannot be postponed, since the number of people on pensions may sharply increase, as a result of which the pension provision itself will decrease.

As of 2021, there are 2.3 people of working age per retiree. If we compare it with 1950, then it was 5 to 1. If nothing changes, then after 2023 there will be only two able-bodied people per pensioner. The state will not have enough money for pensions. And in order to get them from somewhere, you will have to increase taxes and reduce spending on social needs - medicine, education.

After the implementation of the pension reform, there will be three people working per pensioner. And the real amount of benefits will be kept at 34% of wages.

Poverty of pensioners

According to some studies, the standard of living of retired people is much lower than that of the working population. But at the end of 2021, the Pension Fund announced that among pensioners there were no people living in poverty. Poverty is defined as monthly income below the subsistence level.

But these are only the words of the Pension Fund. If we face the facts, the level of poverty among pensioners is higher than they are trying to show us. This is primarily due to the need to obtain medical services, which Russians have to spend money on.

It is for this reason that the strategic goal is not to maintain the pension benefit, but to increase it. And this can only be achieved if the retirement age is increased and all freed up resources are used to increase pensions.

Retirement of military personnel

Military personnel belong to a special category of workers who have a number of privileges. One of these preferences is the right to early retirement. This category includes not only employees of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, but also employees of the paramilitary units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FSB, and the Federal Penitentiary Service. The main motive for granting a pension to military personnel is length of service - the amount of time devoted to work in law enforcement agencies.

Generals, officers, warrant officers (midshipmen), and contract servicemen can count on pension benefits upon retirement.

Pension payments to military personnel are assigned under certain conditions:

• The service life at the time of transfer to the reserve must be at least 20 years.
• The age of the serviceman being transferred to the reserve is more than 45 years.
• The total work experience is 25 years, of which at least half of the time (12.5 years) was in the ranks of paramilitary units of law enforcement agencies.

Retirement age from 2021 for different groups of people

Persons working in the Far North and territories close to it in terms of their conditions have a number of benefits. Their provision is caused by the increased severity and harmfulness of labor. These categories of citizens work in difficult conditions with a risk of harm to health. Accelerated wear and tear of the body brings old age closer. Therefore, these people can retire earlier.

Does pension reform affect people working in the Far North? At this time, it has been decided not to take away previously granted benefits. This means they can still retire early. Specifically, it is 55 years for men and 50 years for women. But you can retire early only if these conditions are met:

• Work in the Far North region for at least 15 years. Total work experience of at least 25 years.
• Work in areas equated to the Far North for at least 20 years. Total work experience of at least 20 years.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! The benefits were not removed because the percentage of payments to people retiring early is small. It does not create a big burden on the budget. However, experts believe that the pension reform will also affect benefits for workers in the Far North in the future. It is assumed that early retirement will be accompanied by a decrease in the coefficient.

Who can retire early?

Persons whose activities are related to these areas can count on early exit:

• Mining.
• Metallurgy.
• Chemical production.
• Atomic industry.
• Ore processing.
• Energy.

To be included in the list of early workers, the total length of service must be at least 20 years for men and 15 years for women.

The second category of early workers are people engaged in hard work. These are the following areas of activity:

• Open mountain objects.
• Mines.
• Ore beneficiation.
• Metal processing.
• Making glass or porcelain products.
• Textile industry.
• Pharmacology.
• Welding work.

People employed in these jobs can retire 5 years earlier.

These employees also qualify as early workers:

• Doctors.
• Teachers.
• Drivers.
• Firefighters.
• Pilots.

Early retirement is possible only if a number of conditions are met. Usually this is working out a certain length of service. Experience can be general or professional (working in a specific position that offers benefits).

Will the retirement age for early workers be increased?

At the moment, no law has been adopted establishing an increase in PV for early workers. However, relevant discussions are taking place in the Cabinet of Ministers. It is planned to increase the time period for these categories by 8 years. It is planned to increase the life expectancy by 8 years for women working in the Far North. The life expectancy for men will increase by 5 years.

Who will continue to benefit

There are categories of people who will continue to retire early. In particular, these are the following persons:

• Women with 5 or more children.
• Disabled people of the 1st group.
• Persons who have become disabled due to participation in the war.
• Persons raising a disabled child.
• Persons affected by Chernobyl, the disaster at the Mayak plant.
• People engaged in heavy work: pilots, representatives of locomotive crews, tractor drivers, people employed in logging, miners, passenger bus drivers, rescuers.
• Persons whose pension is calculated based on health conditions.

Also, the benefit remains for citizens with increased work experience. They will be able to retire 2 years earlier.

Who is eligible for raising the retirement age and who will not be affected?

On June 14, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the draft federal law

“On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on issues of appointment and payment of pensions”, prepared by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.

The bill is aimed at gradually increasing the age at which an old-age insurance pension will be awarded.

The bill proposes fixing the generally established retirement age at 65 and 63 years for men and women, respectively. Currently, the retirement age is 60 years for men and 55 years for women. The change in retirement age is expected to begin gradually from January 1, 2021.

The changes do not affect current pensioners who receive pensions from the Russian Pension Fund. They, as before, will receive all pension and social payments due to them in accordance with the already acquired pension rights and benefits. Moreover, increasing the retirement age will ensure an increase in pensions for non-working pensioners - indexation of pensions above inflation in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2021 No. 204 “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024.” Increasing the retirement age will make it possible to increase the size of pensions for non-working pensioners by almost 1,000 rubles per year. In the last three years, on average, pensions have been increased by 400–500 rubles. So, in 2021 the increase was 399 rubles, in 2021 – 524 rubles, in 2018 – 481 rubles.

The increase in the retirement age will be gradual: a long transition period is envisaged - from 2021 to 2028 for men and from 2019 to 2034 for women. Thus, the transition period will be 10 years for men and 16 years for women.

Raising the working age at the first stage will affect men born in 1959. and women born in 1964 Citizens born in the indicated years, taking into account transitional provisions, will have the right to retire in 2021 - at the age of 61 and 56 years, respectively.

Suggested steps:

Men born in 1959, women born in 1964. – will receive the right to retire in 2021 at the ages of 61 and 56 years, respectively.

Men born in 1960, women born in 1965. – will receive the right to retire in 2022 at the ages of 62 and 57 years, respectively.

Men born in 1961, women born in 1966. – will receive the right to retire in 2024 at the ages of 63 and 58 years, respectively.

Men born in 1962, women born in 1967. – will receive the right to retire in 2026 at the ages of 64 and 59 years, respectively.

Men born in 1963, women born in 1968. – will receive the right to retire in 2028 at the ages of 65 and 60 years, respectively.

Women born in 1969 – will receive the right to retire in 2030 at the age of 61.

Women born 1970 – will receive the right to retire in 2032 at the age of 62.

Women born in 1971 – will receive the right to retire in 2034 at the age of 63.

The retirement age will increase with the transition period for some categories of workers retiring early , namely:

– Workers who retire early due to work in the Far North and in areas equated to the Far North. For those whose retirement age is set at 55 years (for men) and 50 years (for women), the retirement age will be increased to 60 years and 58 years, respectively. A significant reduction in the retirement age for northerners was caused in the 50s of the 20th century by extremely difficult living conditions in these areas. In fact, the complete lack of infrastructure for work and life predetermined such a low age. Measures taken as part of the long-term demographic program for 2007–2025 have had a positive impact on changing the situation with life expectancy, especially in the northern regions of the country.

– Pedagogical, medical, creative workers. For this category of workers, the institution of early pensions is preserved in full: no tightening of requirements for special length of service is provided. At the same time, based on the general increase in working age, for these citizens the age for early retirement is increased by 8 years. The new retirement age will be calculated based on the date of completion of special service and acquisition of the right to early retirement. Now these categories of workers need to develop a special length of service lasting from 15 to 30 years, depending on the specific category of the beneficiary. Thus, the age at which these workers complete special service and acquire the right to early retirement is fixed, and it will be possible to exercise this right (assign an “early” pension) in the period from 2021 to 2034 and beyond, taking into account the increase in working age and transitional provisions.

The bill also proposes, from January 1, 2021, an increase in the growth rate of the step to increase the retirement age for civil servants - one year per year. Thus, the retirement age for civil servants is brought into line with the proposal for the rate of increase in the generally established age.

The bill provides for changes related to the age of retirement of social pension . For citizens who have not worked or have not acquired the full length of service required to receive an insurance pension, a social pension will now be assigned not at 60 (women) and 65 years (men), but at 68 and 70 years, respectively. These changes are proposed to be carried out gradually. Citizens with significant disabilities have the right to apply for a disability determination and, if the decision is positive, receive a social disability pension (regardless of age).

For information

Life expectancy growth in Russia

The proposal to change the working age is due to the formation of a different demographic situation in the country, taking into account the global trend of population aging. Only from 2000 to 2021, life expectancy at birth in Russia for men increased by 8.5 years (from 59 to 67.5 years), and for women - by 5.4 years (from 72.26 to 77.64 years) . Life expectancy, according to Rosstat forecasts, in 2024 will be 72.3 years for men (an increase of 5.8 years compared to the 2021 level), and 82.1 years for women (an increase of 4.5 years compared to the 2021 level). By the end of the transition period, that is, when the age is set at 65 years for men and 63 years for women, life expectancy will increase to the level of 2021 for men in 2028 by 7.6 years and will be 75.1 years for women – by 2034 by 7.64 years and will be 85.28 years.

International trends

Today, almost all countries have already raised the retirement age. The beginning of raising the retirement age in countries around the world was the 80s of the twentieth century.

Among the countries of the Eurasian space and Eastern Europe that are close to Russia in terms of living conditions, all states, with the exception of Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan announced the goal of bringing its retirement age to the global one), have raised the retirement age. For men, the retirement age is set at 65 years in Moldova and Azerbaijan, and the retirement age for women is set at 63 years in Armenia and is already increasing in Kazakhstan. In the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) by 2025–2027 the retirement age will be raised to 65 years, and in the countries of the Old World (Germany, Spain, Italy) in the 2020s - to 67 years for both men and for women.

In accordance with the draft federal law, an increase in the retirement age is not provided for citizens employed in jobs with harmful, difficult working conditions (workers in the coal mines, mining industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, the railway industry and a number of others included in the so-called “small lists"), citizens to whom insurance pensions are assigned for social reasons, as well as in connection with radiation exposure.

There is no provision for raising the retirement age :

1. For citizens working in workplaces with dangerous and harmful working conditions, in whose favor the employer pays insurance premiums at the appropriate rates established as a result of a special assessment of working conditions:

— in underground work, in work with hazardous working conditions and in hot shops ( men and women );

- in difficult working conditions, as workers of locomotive crews and workers directly organizing transportation and ensuring traffic safety on railway transport and the subway, as well as as truck drivers in the technological process in mines, open-pit mines, mines or ore quarries ( men and women );

- in the textile industry in work with increased intensity and severity ( women );

- in expeditions, parties, detachments, on sites and in teams directly on field geological exploration, search, topographic and geodetic, geophysical, hydrographic, hydrological, forest management and survey work ( men and women );

- as a member of the crew on ships of the sea, river fleet and fishing industry fleet ( men and women ), with the exception of port ships constantly operating in the port waters, service and auxiliary and traveling ships, suburban and intracity traffic vessels, as well as during mining operations, processing of fish and seafood, receiving finished products at the fishery ( men and women );

- in underground and open-pit mining (including personnel of mine rescue units) for the extraction of coal, shale, ore and other minerals and in the construction of mines and mines ( men and women );

— in the flight crew of civil aviation, in the work of controlling the flights of civil aviation aircraft, as well as in the engineering and technical staff in the work of servicing civil aviation aircraft ( men and women );

- at work with convicts as workers and employees of institutions executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment (men and women);

And:

— tractor drivers in agriculture, other sectors of the economy, as well as drivers of construction, road and loading and unloading machines ( women );

— workers, foremen in logging and timber rafting, including maintenance of machinery and equipment ( men and women );

— drivers of buses, trolleybuses, trams on regular city passenger routes ( men and women );

— rescuers in professional emergency rescue services and units ( men and women ).

1. For persons whose pension is assigned earlier than the generally established retirement age for social reasons and health reasons , namely:

- women who have given birth to five or more children and raised them until they reach the age of 8 years,

- one of the parents of disabled people from childhood, who raised them until they reached the age of 8 years ( men and women );

- guardians of disabled people from childhood or persons who were guardians of disabled people from childhood, who raised them until they reached the age of 8 years ( men and women );

- women who have given birth to two or more children, if they have the necessary insurance work experience in the Far North or equivalent areas;

— disabled people due to war trauma ( men and women );

— visually impaired people with disability group I ( men and women );

- citizens suffering from pituitary dwarfism (Lilliputians), and disproportionate dwarfs ( men and women );

- permanent residents of the Far North and equivalent areas, who have worked as reindeer herders, fishermen, and commercial hunters ( men and women ).

1. For citizens affected by radiation or man-made disasters, including the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
2. For persons who have worked as flight test personnel directly involved in flight testing (research) of experimental and production aviation, aerospace, aeronautical and parachute equipment ( men and women ).

Based on materials from the OPFR in the Republic of Uzbekistan

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