Emigration from Russia in 2021: statistics for all years

Emigration from Russia in 2017-2021: statistics, how many left

Moving to another country for permanent residence requires not only significant financial costs, but also the moral resources that will be needed to, without hesitation, abandon your former homeland and adapt to a new one. But even this does not stop today’s migrants, including not only the bright minds of our homeland, but also the most ordinary people who are full of confidence that it will be better in the new place. Migration from Russia in recent years has not lost its relevance; on the contrary, it has emerged in new directions and in large numbers; one only has to look at the statistics of migrants in Europe.

A little about the migration process in general

The process of migration of peoples is not a new phenomenon. It is thanks to him that the geopolitical map of the world today looks the way it does. At all times, the population of the planet has sought (and continues to do so) more acceptable living conditions.

The translation of the Latin term migratio means “to move.” At the same time, the process has become so global that in the modern world it is customary to classify it into different groups according to several criteria. For example, according to duration, migration can be divided into:

• irrevocable;
• temporary;
• seasonal.

By resettlement territory – interstate and intrastate. This group also includes pendulum travel, which forces residents of one country to travel between its different regions, for example, when going to work or study.

We must not forget that migration can be voluntary or forced. But before we talk about how many Russians left Russia for permanent residence, it should be noted that migration between states has some common features:

• resettlement to another state is always associated with the migrant’s intention to obtain permission to stay within the foreign territory;
• the procedure for entry, stay and employment and other nuances is strictly regulated by the migration legislation of each country;
• the entire flow of migrants can be divided into two large categories - legal and illegal.

Putin spoke about the need for an influx of young and able-bodied migrants to Russia

Experts say there is already a labor shortage, especially in the construction industry. According to statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the number of work licenses issued has halved - from 127 thousand to 63 thousand. The number of issued temporary residence permits, work patents and residence permits decreased by approximately the same number.

One of the reasons for this growth could be a revision of the migration accounting methodology in 2021, RANEPA believes. Rosstat has switched to new forms of registering migrants, Mkrtchyan noted.

On January 19, 21, consideration in the first reading of the draft law banning state and municipal employees from having a second citizenship/residence permit is scheduled. This bill was submitted to the State Duma by Russian President Vladimir Putin.

To have a more complete understanding of the most popular migration directions, you should understand where this process originates in Russia. This phenomenon was given official status in the 19th century by a special decree of Alexander the First.

To conduct discriminant analysis, a “training sample” was formed from most European countries and the USA, a number of countries in Africa, South America and Australia. Estimates of the number of illegal migrants in European countries were taken from the Clandestino research project; estimates for other countries were taken from official sources issued by the governments of those countries.

There were no particular reasons for a significant increase in migrants this year, Mkrtchyan explained to Vedomosti: but the figure simply cannot increase. In 2021, migration growth, on the contrary, turned out to be the lowest since 1989, experts from the Higher School of Economics wrote in a report on social development. Without migration, it is impossible to overcome population decline, they warned.

It should be noted that these persons entered our country legally and, therefore, mainly in Russia, migrants commit two types of violations of migration legislation: exceeding the statutory period of stay and failure to comply with the established procedure for carrying out labor activities by foreign citizens. Internal migration is nothing more than the movement of the working population within Russia. State legislation and regulations are the basis for high-quality control over this process.

Moving to another country for permanent residence requires not only significant financial costs, but also the moral resources that will be needed to, without hesitation, abandon your former homeland and adapt to a new one.

All materials on the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation can be reproduced in any media, on Internet servers or on any other media without any restrictions on the volume and timing of publication.

In October of this year, the mayor of Moscow, voicing the city’s income from legal labor migration, named the figure 16 billion rubles.

Where do Russians most often travel?

To have a more complete understanding of the most popular migration directions, you should understand where this process originates in Russia. This phenomenon was given official status in the 19th century by a special decree of Alexander the First. Until a powerful power called the USSR appeared on the world map, historians identified 4 waves of migration:

• Jewish;
• labor;
• political;
• religious.

After the October Revolution died down, only officials who had a special document confirming this possibility received permission to leave. Without it, any attempt to leave the homeland was considered an escape, and the relatives of the fugitive were subjected to severe repression.

The Soviet period was also divided into several stages, and the total number of emigrants from Russia at that time exceeded all previously existing indicators. The most popular destinations were the USA and Europe.

The modern era (the beginning of the 21st century) is characterized by a massive brain drain, the reason for which was low wages and a lack of funding for scientific and other fields of knowledge in Russia.

Today's situation has acquired slightly different facets. Everyone who wants to settle in a foreign territory can be divided into several groups:

• students who want to get an education abroad and stay there to build a brilliant career;
• workers seeking higher earnings and the prospect of a better life for their family;
• investors attracted by a healthier economy.

Global emigration statistics show that over the past few years, countries with unfavorable living conditions have become the main exporters of migrants:

• on the territory of which military operations are taking place (Syria, Afghanistan);
• with low economic growth (third world countries);
• neighbors of more developed countries (for example, the flow of migrants from Ukraine to neighboring Poland has increased significantly).

Today, moving to another state can be easily accomplished by any Russian with an average income, having successfully chosen the appropriate migration program. Statistics on emigration from Russia in 2017 state that the most popular destinations were:

• USA;
• Germany;
• Canada;
• Israel;
• Great Britain;
• Finland;
• Australia.

Spain, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Norway, and New Zealand are no less in demand among Russians. This demand was ensured by a more stable economy and the opportunity to realize oneself professionally. It is for this reason that most migrants rely on their education and work experience. Moreover, most status states are actively developing programs to attract specialists in professions in demand on their territories.

The choice of country for migration largely depends on the complexity of the legalization process.

So, for example, it is much more difficult to settle in Japan, since the authorities of this country believe that they have enough of their own people, and therefore treat foreigners with extreme caution.

Other states are less formalistic and in some cases are ready, so to speak, to sell their passport for certain investments. For example, in Spain you only need to purchase real estate worth 500 thousand euros, and the residence permit of this country is in your pocket.

The Asian destination – Thailand, Vietnam – is no less attractive for Russians. Firstly, you can enter here without a visa. Secondly, the cost of living is several times lower than in Russia. This applies to everything from food to housing. The only problem is work. The salary level is also much lower, and therefore you have to carefully work out your self-employment plan.

Statistics

Giving an exact schedule of emigration from Russia by year is quite a difficult task. This is due to the fact that Russian government services cannot state with utmost accuracy exactly how many Russians have left their homeland. Usually all the figures are provided by Rosstat, which receives them from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which, in turn, obtains the data from the migration service.

The latter only comes into view of those who arrived at the place of registration and checked out for the purpose of moving abroad. Those who left their Russian registration are not taken into account. And the number of such people is much greater than those who finally decided not to return. Thus, it turns out that according to statistics, several hundred citizens left the Russian Federation for, say, Germany, and several thousand entered.

In general, Eurostat provides the following data on the number of Russian citizens living abroad for the period the end of 2015 - the first half of 2021:

When studying the issue of migration, it is equally important to understand what tendency this process has - to increase or decrease. Emigration from Russia by year is best seen from the table data:

As can be seen from the table, a new wave of emigration began in 2012, for which there are many reasons.

Demographic results 2020: Russia returned to the 90s

The “natural” decline amounted to almost 700 thousand people

The demographic results for 2021, which were published by Rosstat, can be described in one word: disaster.
We predicted a large and ever-increasing population decline a year ago, but hardly anyone could have imagined that it would amount to almost 700 thousand people. Mortality

Mortality has received the most attention in 2021 due to the coronavirus. And it really grew very strongly - by 324 thousand, or 18%. This growth even exceeded that of 1993 and was the largest since the famine of 1947. Moreover, out of 324 thousand, only 104 thousand were caused by coronavirus as the main cause - only 32%. The remaining 68%, or 220 thousand deaths, are caused by other reasons. We have already written that there are no signs of underestimation of deaths from coronavirus. Therefore, 220 thousand additional deaths are likely due to the inadequacy of the authorities’ response to the coronavirus, since there were no other reasons for the sharp increase in mortality in the past year.

Rector of the Higher School of Organization and Management of Healthcare Doctor of Medical Sciences Guzel Ulumbekova, in an interview with Nakanune.RU, noted that at least half of the increase in mortality is due to the fact that medical care has become much more difficult to obtain under conditions of restrictions and disastrous cuts in healthcare. Chief Researcher of the Research Institute of Public Health and Healthcare Management of the Moscow Medical Academy named after. Sechenova Doctor of Medical Sciences Professor Igor Gundarov has repeatedly stated that the authorities are committing irrational acts, unjustifiably driving all coronavirus patients to urgently repurposed hospitals, where they become infected with many other infections. As a result, mortality in hospitals has increased many times over, and this is not explained solely by the coronavirus. But the structure of mortality by cause is not published, and there is still no data on how mortality by cause of death has changed in 2021. These data will not appear until the summer.

The bottom line is that the coronavirus, which plunged the country into crisis, caused only 32% of the huge increase in mortality and only 5% of all deaths. At the same time, the daily summary is reported only for this infection, as if there were no other diseases. All this has signs of manipulation designed to divert attention from the real demographic catastrophe.

By the way, life expectancy at birth has dropped dramatically, from 73.3 to 71 years or so. Exact data will be made public later. This drop was the largest since 1993.

Fertility

The forecast from a year ago turned out to be accurate. We wrote that “the most likely figure is 1.45 million.” And so it happened. 1 million 436 thousand children were born – 3.3% less than a year earlier. It's safe to say that almost all of the decline in 2021 was due to a decrease in the number of women of childbearing age. So for the first time the Government can reasonably refer to the reason they always mention. Last year, the total fertility rate (TFR), which was 1.50 children per woman, if it fell, it was to 1.49, no more. Because even if the TFR remains at the same level, the absolute number of births will fall by 2-3% every year - there are fewer and fewer young women.

Formally, the birth rate per woman in 2021 has almost stopped falling. However, what will happen in 2021? The economic crisis, declining incomes, rising unemployment, uncertainty about the future, uncertainty, an atmosphere of fear, daily pumping of negative news about the coronavirus - all this will lead to a further decline in the birth rate. There is no reason for its growth at all. According to an autumn survey by the NAFI Analytical Center, almost half of Russians of childbearing age do not want to have children at all. In the spring, RANEPA published similar data. Back in 2021, Rosstat recorded a significant degradation of reproductive attitudes compared to 2012. That is, Russians are increasingly choosing degeneration themselves, not wanting to resist circumstances.

Population decline

It has already reached 689 thousand people in a year, more than doubling last year’s already considerable figure of 316 thousand, and has become the highest since 2005. If we take the ratio of mortality to birth rates, it was almost 1.5 times compared to 1.21 a year earlier. In a number of regions of central Russia the excess was 2 times or more, and in the Tula region – 2.5! That is, 2.5 times more people died in a year than were born. Natural growth is observed only in national republics and autonomies. By the way, the absolute birth rate has become the lowest since 2002.

Migration

Due to bans and restrictions, migration growth has become the smallest in many years. In 11 months it amounted to 91 thousand, and in a year it will be about 100 thousand. Thus, the net population loss will reach almost 600 thousand - the maximum after 2003.

Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova named low migration growth as one of the reasons for the huge population decline, diverting attention from the catastrophically low birth rate and sharply increased mortality, and mainly not due to the coronavirus. One could ignore this “explanation” if it did not characterize the Government’s overall attitude to demography. It is very simple - do nothing, but only explain the causes of extinction. A very revealing question is: who in the Government actually deals with demography or even talks about demography? After the publication of yet another depressing data, Golikova or sometimes the Ministry of Labor make comments. That's all their “work”. The only person who talks about demography and even large families is the president. Sometimes he even gives assignments to support families with children, and that's good. But there is no demographic policy in the country. Everything is left to chance. Social support measures are social policy. Demographic policy should be aimed at improving demographic indicators, that is, the number of births and deaths, but it is not. And these goals are not even set. Russia has lost almost 700 thousand people to extinction, and no one in power has even scratched the surface. The government is concerned about something else: how to attract migrants for seasonal agricultural work. This news appeared the day after the publication of nightmarish demographic results. And this is very symbolic.

“What Ms. Golikova says about this is a separate phenomenon, showing not so much that the social bloc of the government is manipulating important statistics, but that it, in fact, no longer controls anything here. Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Institute of Demography, Migration and Regional Development Yuri Krupnov told Free Press regarding Golikova’s explanations

Forecast

We will venture to make several specific demographic forecasts for 2021. The main question is: can things get better? Perhaps the mortality rate will decrease slightly, but it will certainly not return to its previous level. Probably 1.9-2 million people will die this year. Fertility will definitely fall further as it reflects reproductive behavior in 2021. At the end of the year, we expect 1.2-1.3 million births, that is, a strong decline in the total fertility rate. As a result, the “natural” population decline will be approximately the same huge amount - 700 thousand people.

Today we can state that in terms of fertility and mortality, Russia has almost returned to the 90s. Then the birth rate was also 1.2-1.4 million, the death rate exceeded 2 million, and the “natural” decline reached almost a million a year. But if then there was a large generation on the way born in the 80s, now no improvement is expected. Without the most drastic measures, the rapid extinction of Russia cannot be stopped. But there are no signs of this.

The 90s have begun in Russian demographics, which may never end.

nakanune.ru
TAGS: Demographic holeDemography of RussiaEvgeniy ChernyshevRussian newsExcess of mortality over birth rateBirth rate in RussiaRussiaMortality in RussiaSocial policy of RussiaSocial factorStandard of living in RussiaPopulation of Russia

Why are Russians leaving?

The latest outflow of Russian citizens, which began in 2012, is widely associated with the third presidential term, when it became clear that no special changes could be expected in the country.

With the onset of events in Ukraine, which entailed various kinds of economic sanctions from Western countries, as well as a lack of access to foreign capital, this process intensified with a vengeance.

In general, we can say that most citizens today are not satisfied with:

• political situation in the state;
• lack of opportunity to influence the processes taking place in the country;
• constantly rising prices for utilities;
• low level of social security;
• inability to develop professionally.

All this forces our compatriots to go overseas to satisfy the main human instincts - demand and security.

How many guest workers are there in Russia in 2021?

At the beginning of 2021, the total number of migrants in Russia is difficult to calculate; the authors of the article could not find exact figures on official websites. According to experts, there are about 12-15 million migrant workers in the country . This indicator of our state is comparable to Germany. The leader in labor migration is the United States, with 50 of the country's 350 million population. And in percentage terms, the number of migrants to native citizens is the UAE - 88%; in Kuwait, 75% of the total population are migrants.

Now the issue of migration of unskilled workers is very relevant. The UK recently decided to limit the flow of such workers. It’s worth thinking, maybe we’re already on the verge of making such a decision?