Who is eligible for early retirement: harmful and preferential professions, list 1, 2

Article 27 of Law No. 173-FZ defines the conditions that are necessary to enter a preferential well-deserved rest:

The citizen is registered in the pension savings system.
The funded part of the labor pension has been formed.
The person to whom the pension will be assigned has Russian citizenship and permanently resides in the territory of the state.

Lists defining groups of professions that are in a status with a risk to health and life or for other reasons, related to the group of preferential pensions, were developed back in the USSR. They are the basis of today's two separation systems, adopted in 1991.

What can cause early retirement?

A preferential pension is usually awarded to citizens who work for a long time in difficult conditions and when they achieve a special position and status.

According to pension legislation, the following persons belong to the category of preferential citizens:

mothers of many children, with 5 or more children;
one of the family members in which there are children disabled from birth;
persons who were injured during hostilities and received a certain disability group as a result;
workers who have worked for a certain period of time in the Far North and permafrost;
visually impaired, group 1;
dwarfs.

Five of the most profitable professions for retirement

The president's pension is the largest in Russia. This is 530 thousand rubles. V.V. Putin and D.A. Medvedev - both served as president - will be able to receive it.

State Duma officials were in second place. Workers in this sector can count on a good pension after just three years of working in the government. It will amount to 55% of the deputy’s monthly salary. After ten years of service, this amount will increase to 75%. According to official data presented last year, the average income of a deputy was 360 thousand rubles.

In third place are deputies who worked in regional parliaments. They will be able to receive an increased pension; of course, it will be much less, but such pensioners will receive 100 thousand rubles in any case.

The fourth place is occupied by representatives of Themis. A judge will be able to receive a pension of 80% of a judge's salary after twenty years of experience. And 85% of the salary if the experience exceeds 20 years.

Employees of various large firms and commercial structures receive a good pension. In addition to the basic benefit, such citizens receive bonuses from the organization in which they worked. But, unfortunately, it is difficult to name the exact amount of such a pension, since this information is a commercial secret.

Harmful professions

Professions that qualify for a preferential pension are divided into two lists. What determines these lists?

List 1

List No. 1 brings together all professions that can pose a health risk, this is due to dangerous working conditions. Typically these include mining, transportation, manufacturing and metal processing. But it is not enough to simply work in these areas; the following conditions must also be met:

For men, this will be the duration of work for more than 10 years in hazardous production . Such persons have the right to retire at the age of 50, that is, 10 years earlier than an ordinary working male citizen of the Russian Federation. In this case, the total work experience, which must be at least 20 years, is also taken into account.
As for women, they have the right to preferential retirement if they have 7.5 years of service . Such an employee will also have the opportunity to use her pension savings 10 years earlier - the age for taking earned leave under this benefit is 45 years. The total experience requirement is 15 years or more.

It is important to know!
What pension is given to the country's heroes? The list indicates specific professions and is approved by official decree:

miners;
beneficiation, roasting, agglomeration of ore;
coke, coke-chemical and pitching activities;
production of non-ferrous and ferrous metals;
any work with generator gases, both in production and in metallurgy;
electrical engineering: repair and production;
radio production;
when working in the chemical industry;
when working and manufacturing explosives, gunpowder, initiating substances;
gas and oil industry, oil shale, gas condensate and coal processing;
transport sector;
production of building materials;
production in the field of medicine: biological materials, substances, medicines and preparations;
printing works;
interaction with mercury substances and radioactive origin;
workers in the energy and nuclear sectors, working with radioactive elements;
glass industry and work with the production of earthenware, ceramics, and porcelain products;
wood processing and pulp industry;
working with artificial and synthetic fibers.

List 2

List No. 2 refers to the category of persons whose work takes place in difficult working conditions. Such conditions include mining, communications and transport, as well as the production of certain substances.

Conditions for receiving preferential payments and early retirement:

For men: total work experience of 25 years with the condition of working in a dangerous profession on list 2 of 12.5 years. The working age is reduced by 5 years, retirement is possible at 55.
For women, the conditions are as follows: general experience is taken into account from 20 years, special 10 years , and this category will provide retirement at 50 years.

List of professions:

mining workers;
work on energy trips and their maintenance;
oil refining and production;
oil production and drilling;
printing;
peat mining;
production of hardware products;
power plants;
metalworking;
light and food industry;
printing;
construction, repair and reconstruction of structures and buildings, as well as their restoration;
woodworking;
pulp and paper industry;
institutions related to health care and social security;
production of building materials;
working with hazardous substances such as mercury;
glass production.

When calculating the period for establishing a preferential pension, it is possible to sum up the time spent working in professions from lists 1 and 2.

Other professions that provide a decent pension

A good pension is provided to participants in combat operations, Heroes of the Russian Federation, participants in the liquidation of man-made accidents, Heroes of socialist labor, WWII veterans, heroes of labor.

Military pensioners receive a pension through the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Grid Company, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Federal Penitentiary Service from the Ministry of Defense, this pension will be almost 2 times more than that of other budget employees.

Test pilots and military judges can also ensure a dignified old age for themselves. Their pension, according to some sources, is about 100 thousand rubles.

About 50 thousand rubles are allocated to war invalids with extensive work experience.

Preferential professions

In addition to dangerous professions, the following professions also have benefits:

Staff of hospitals and other medical institutions.
Parachutists and pilots.
Rescuers and firefighters.
Teachers and educators.
Citizens whose work activities take place in the North.
Geologists.
Public transport drivers.

It is important to know! The procedure for calculating preferential pensions for medical workers

Employees whose professions are classified as preferential, in addition to pensions, may receive other privileges, such as increased salary or additional leave and the opportunity to receive vouchers for sanatorium treatment and recreation, and others.

Classification of preferential specialties

The list of persons who can be provided with preferential pension conditions is quite extensive (in total there are more than 500 professions from a variety of fields of employment). It is regulated by such regulations as:

Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR “On approval of Lists of production, work, professions, positions and indicators giving the right to preferential pension provision” dated January 26, 1991 No. 10;
Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” dated December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ (Articles 27 and 28);
Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions in the Russian Federation” dated December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ (Chapter 6).

The main professions and specialties that give the right to early retirement, as well as the main conditions for its appointment, are presented in the table:

Type of professional activity	Age at which you can retire (men/women)	Requirements for insurance experience (men/women)	Experience requirements directly in the “preferential” specialty (men/women)
Work from list No. 1	50/45 years	20/15 years	10/7.5 years
Work from list No. 2	55/50 years	25/20 years	12.5/10 years
Textile production (certain specialties with high labor intensity)	50 years (applies to women only)	No limits	20 years
Driving tractors and special equipment in agriculture, industry, etc.	50 years (applies to women only)	20 years	20 years
Loading and unloading activities in ports and docks (machine operators)	55/50 years	25/20 years	20/15 years
Work at logging and timber rafting sites	55/50 years	25/20 years	12.5/10 years
Sailing as part of a crew on river and sea fleet vessels (except for vessels permanently in port)	55/50 years	25/20 years	12.5/10 years
Work on railways and metro stations (certain categories directly related to transportation)	55/50 years	25/20 years
Driving cargo and special equipment in mines, quarries, etc.	55/50 years	25/20 years	12.5/10 years
Work in teams and expeditions carrying out prospecting, geological, topographical, hydrological and any other activities of this kind (i.e. associated with constant business trips to various regions)	55/50 years	25/20 years	12.5/10 years
Work in civil airline crews	Any	No limits	25/20 years (20/15 years when retiring from aviation due to health reasons)
All types of work that are part of the process of catching fish and other seafood on sea vessels	Any	No limits	25/20 years
Medical and other activities related to the provision of medical services in healthcare institutions	Any	No limits	25 years in rural areas / 30 years in any other cases
Engineering and technical maintenance of equipment and fleet of civil airlines	55/50 years	25/20 years	20/15 years
Work in organizations involved in extinguishing and preventing fires, protecting people and settlements from natural disasters and emergencies	50 years	No limits	25 years
Working with convicted persons in prisons	55/50 years	25/20 years	20/15 years
Work as employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other organizations of this kind	40 years	No limits	15 years
Teaching in educational institutions	Any	No limits	25 years
Acting and other work related to creativity in theater organizations	55/50 years	No limits	15-30 years (determined individually, based on many factors)

Teachers

A preferential pension is also provided for employees of the pedagogical workshop as compensation for special working conditions. Teachers have the right to retire earlier than other citizens whose professions do not fall into the categories of preferential or dangerous. But in order for a teacher to have the right to early retirement, a number of conditions must be met, among which the following positions can be distinguished:

head teacher;
his deputy;
"head teacher";
preschool teachers;
teachers of various levels;
teachers who combine educational work or psychologists;
specialists in extracurricular activities;
masters of vocational technical schools and industrial training schools;
teachers of physical education schools, music schools, social educators, trainers;
speech therapists;
individual specialists.

This list is regulated and established by Government Resolution No. 781. This legislative act also established that in order to receive a preferential pension, you must have 25 years of experience in the following educational institutions:

secondary and primary gymnasiums, lyceums and schools;
kindergartens and nurseries;
schools for boys with a military bias;
educational institutions for gifted children and children with developmental delays;
orphanages of any status;
sanatorium schools;
schools with directions: art or music;
correction centers;
educational institutions of secondary and primary vocational education;
institutions operating additional training programs;
children's rehabilitation centers.

With additional workload in certain specialties, this work activity counts towards the length of service for a preferential pension.

Can they refuse to receive a preferential pension?

In fact, there are 2 reasons for refusing to reduce the working age under the benefit:

insufficient number of accumulated years of specialized experience;
incorrect registration of an employee in his work book.

In the first case, the length of service may be incorrectly calculated by the potential pensioner himself. For example, business trips (which means absence from a workplace with a harmful environment) or being on maternity leave to care for a child. Both options do not count towards time spent in hazardous conditions.

The grounds for reference to the second point arise for the PF when the employer incorrectly formulated and indicated the name of the employee’s position. Here the entry will diverge from the options from the preferential lists and a citizen with well-deserved experience in hazardous production will not be able to qualify for early retirement.

How to count

According to the decree, the right to an early pension (an old-age pension for work with special working conditions or a pension for long service) from the general pension system under the Pension Law is granted to employees with a long work history in unfavorable working conditions, who worked before January 1, 2009 (before the introduction of professional pension insurance) at least half of the required full preferential length of service. For example, for a woman who is a local general practitioner, the majority of the preferential length of service before January 1, 2009 should be at least 12 years and 6 months.

Thus, persons who worked at least half of the required preferential length of service before January 1, 2009 will have the right to receive an early preferential pension in the general pension system instead of an early professional pension in the professional pension insurance system. It does not matter whether half of such length of service was reworked after January 1, 2009.

What determines the amount of additional payments to pensioners? More details

Other cases

Employees employed in jobs with special working conditions or certain types of professional activities who, before January 1, 2009, worked less than half of the preferential length of service or did not have it at all before that date, are granted the right:

Formation of early professional pension.

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In this case, the employer will pay for this employee mandatory contributions to professional pension insurance (PPI) to the budget of the state extra-budgetary fund for social protection of the population (FSZN) (an early professional pension is assigned in this case, subject to compliance with all the norms provided for in Article 11 of the Law on PPP: achievement required age and professional work experience);

Choosing an additional professional pension instead of an early professional pension.

An additional professional pension is assigned upon reaching the generally established retirement age at the expense of accumulated pension savings in addition to the old-age pension. The period for payment of such a pension is determined based on the amount of pension savings available on the professional part of the personal account of the insured person on the day of application. The monthly amount of payments is the average cost of living budget per capita valid in the month for which the payment is made (in June 2021 - 246.78 rubles);

Receiving a monthly supplement to your salary instead of the specified insurance.

The amount of the additional payment is determined by the employer, but cannot be less than the amount of the contribution to the teaching staff for this employee (for a woman - a local general practitioner, the rate of contributions paid is 1.5% (from January 1, 2021 - 4.0%). That is, contributions Instead of paying into the budget of the fund for the purpose of professional pension insurance, payments will be made to the employee himself in addition to his salary. Those employees who have worked more than half of their preferential length of service before January 1, 2009 are not entitled to additional payment.

The assignment of professional pensions is carried out by the regional departments of the Social Protection Fund. And decisions on additional payments instead of professional pension insurance are made by employees together with the employer.

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Law enforcement officers

In addition to pensions, defenders of the fatherland receive additional bonuses from the state. For example, they are entitled to free housing or a mortgage at a reduced rate. In addition to the departmental pension, all security forces receive the usual national payment upon reaching a specified age. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs receive an allowance of at least 17,000 rubles, employees of the Ministry of Defense - 26,200 rubles, members of the FSB - 30,000 rubles.

TO THE POINT

The system of professional pension insurance for workers employed in special working conditions was introduced in Belarus on January 1, 2009 (Law of the Republic of Belarus of January 5, 2008 “On Professional Pension Insurance”).

The system is based on the principle of preliminary accumulation of funds for the payment of professional pensions. Such employees are granted an early professional pension until they reach the generally established retirement age. Its size is calculated based on the volume of targeted contributions accumulated in the individual accounts of employees.

An early pension according to the provisions of the Law on Professional Pension Insurance is assigned when an employee has worked after January 1, 2009, more than half of the required preferential length of service.

What is list No. 1 and list No. 2?

The lists indicated in the table above are two regulated lists of professions with special working conditions, which were developed in 1991 and then approved by Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers No. 10. Over time, no global changes occurred in them, and in 2014 the Government of the Russian Federation re-approved these lists for modern use. You can personally view them using the following links:

list No. 1;
list No. 2.

The first list lists vacancies with so-called hazardous working conditions (this means that factors in the working environment, such as radiation, noise, waste, chemical reactions, have a negative impact on the human body). A total of 24 industries are included, mainly related to the mining and manufacturing industries, as well as healthcare, transport and research and development.

The second list contains specialties with difficult working conditions (this formulation, in turn, means a negative impact on the well-being of workers due to high physical (mental, emotional) stress). Since the predicted harm to human health is lower here and is not so obvious, pension benefits here are less significant than in list No. 1.