Pension provision for citizens who, due to age, cannot continue to work is the responsibility of the state. Every citizen should be provided with a pension. However, it is more profitable to receive an insurance pension, which is assigned while simultaneously meeting a number of conditions, one of which is length of service. The length of service for retirement is the value established by law at the federal level. The pension reform adopted in 2021 marked the beginning of changes in the social security system. How long is the length of service required to receive a pension under the new law?
What is the minimum length of service for pension payment?
Work experience is the total duration of work and other activities. For the payment of a pension, the insurance period is important, i.e. the periods of time when a person received income and the employer made contributions to the Pension Fund for the person. If it is less than established by law, then he will not be able to be assigned an old-age insurance pension.
The minimum period of work is not the only condition for assigning insurance pension payments. In the Russian Federation, the so-called point system is used. A person needs to score a certain number of points (receive the appropriate individual pension coefficient (IPC)), otherwise, even if he has the required period for paying insurance premiums, he will not be assigned an old-age insurance pension.
It is also useful to read: How pension points are calculated
Important! Disabled people receive insurance pension payments provided they work at least 1 day.
The system with points and insurance (work) experience began to be used in 2015. Before this time period, different rules applied.
It is also useful to read: How to increase pension points
How are payments made?
There are several ways to receive a social pension. A person can independently choose one option that is most convenient for him.
The state provides the following payment methods:
- through the post office. A person can receive money at the post office or the postman will bring him a home allowance;
- through the bank. You can receive monthly payments through the cash desk of a bank branch. However, you can go another way. To do this, you need to issue a bank card where the funds will be transferred;
- through a special financial organization with which the Pension Fund entered into an agreement.
Types of work experience
Russian legislation regulating pension payments actively uses the concept of seniority. But it is necessary to take into account that there are different types of it, each of which plays an important role in certain situations.
The following types of work experience are distinguished:
- General – takes into account the total duration of work or activity useful to society. Calculated on a calendar basis. Actively used until 2002.
- Insurance – the total duration of activity when insurance premiums were paid. This is what is used now when determining the possibility of assigning a pension.
- Special – periods when a person worked in a profession or under conditions that provided for the assignment of pension payments on preferential terms or in a special manner. Plays an important role in determining the start time of payments. It includes a significantly limited list of activities.
- Continuous – the duration of continuous work at 1 enterprise or in several organizations, if the transition period does not exceed the norms established by law. Currently, this concept has been completely eliminated in the pension system.
It is also useful to read: How to calculate total work experience
The most important factors for assigning pension payments are insurance and special service. The age at which a person can retire and various payment parameters directly depend on them.
Length of service refers to special length of service, but it in itself is a legal fact sufficient to assign a pension. If you have the required length of service, the person’s age and other parameters will not be important for assigning a pension.
Read more: What is length of service?
What is the minimum length of service for calculating a pension in Russia?
Initially, the system of calculating pensions based on length of service and points began to be used in 2015, but the transition to it is being carried out gradually. Every year the number of points increases, and the period for payment of insurance premiums for retirement increases.
If in 2015, 6 years of payment of insurance premiums and 6.6 points (coefficients) were enough to receive, then in 2021 the requirements are already much higher - 10 years and 16.2 points. In 2024, the requirements for the period for payment of insurance contributions reached its maximum - 15 years (in this case it will be necessary to have at least 28.2 points), and in 2025 the transition to a new system for assigning pensions will be fully completed, and the requirements for the coefficient will increase to the maximum - thirty.
Table. Requirements for the minimum duration of periods for paying insurance premiums and the individual coefficient in different years.
| Year of retirement | Minimum IPC value (points) | Requirements for the duration of payment of insurance premiums (years) |
| 2015 | 6.6 | 6 |
| 2016 | 9 | 7 |
| 2017 | 11.4 | 8 |
| 2018 | 13.8 | 9 |
| 2019 | 16.2 | 10 |
| 2020 | 18.6 | 11 |
| 2021 | 21 | 12 |
| 2022 | 23.4 | 13 |
| 2023 | 25.8 | 14 |
| 2024 | 28.2 | 15 |
| 2025 | 30 |
The minimum requirements for IPC and periods for payment of insurance premiums are the same for women and men. But one more condition is that the age attainment will vary.
Reference! In 2021, a law was passed to raise the retirement age. Now there is a gradual increase in it.
Women
Starting from 2021, there is a gradual increase in the age for determining payments from the Pension Fund for women. If before 2021 it was 55 years, then by 2023 it will reach 60 years. The retirement age is raised gradually - 1 year is added annually.
Women who, according to the old rules, were supposed to retire in 2021 and 2021, were given a small benefit. They will be able to arrange payments six months earlier than provided for by the new rules, i.e. at the age of 55.5 and 56.5 years, respectively.
For men
For men, the retirement age is also raised by 5 years. Until 2018, they could retire at age 60 according to standard rules, but from 2023 this will only be possible at age 65. The increase also occurs gradually - 1 year is added to the age of future pensioners annually.
In 2021 and 2021, benefits are also provided for the assignment of pensions six months earlier than required under the new rules.
What periods of work experience are taken into account?
The work experience takes into account according to standard rules the periods when contributions to the Pension Fund were made. This reflects the essence of the ongoing reforms, as a result of which pension provision will have to be based on the insurance principle.
Typically, contributions to the Pension Fund per person are paid by the employer. This rule is met if the citizen is officially employed and the employing organization makes all transfers to extra-budgetary funds required by law. All funds received from the employer are accounted for in a separate personal account, and point coefficients are calculated based on their amount.
All reports to the Pension Fund for the correct assignment of pension benefits in the future are also submitted by the employer. The citizen himself can at any time request from the Pension Fund a certificate of his personal account and find out about the accumulated coefficients and other important information.
Important! If a person operates as an individual entrepreneur, then he pays contributions to the Pension Fund for himself.
Read more: Individual entrepreneur pension
Additional time is included in the length of service when a person is on sick leave, on leave to care for a child up to 1.5 years old, or undergoing military service. If a citizen has to care for a disabled child, an elderly relative, etc., then this time will also be included when calculating the insurance period.
Read more: Is maternity leave included in seniority?
This video talks about periods of work and other periods that are counted towards the insurance period for a pension:
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You can find out how you can calculate the size of your future pension in this video:
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Who can apply for an early retirement pension?
Although the state is raising the retirement age, benefits have been maintained for many categories of the population. They allow you to count on the assignment of collateral from the Pension Fund much earlier.
The main types of benefits for early registration of a labor pension:
- Professional. If a person works in difficult and/or dangerous conditions, then he may be granted the right to receive security from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation earlier than generally established norms. For example, miners or workers in hot shops can take advantage of this benefit.
- Territorial. If a citizen works in the Far North, then he can count on the opportunity to finish his working career and retire before reaching the generally established age. These benefits are also available to certain other individuals.
- Social. Having a certain social status allows you to retire earlier than is established for citizens without such status. For example, mothers with many children, representatives of indigenous peoples, if they lead a traditional lifestyle, etc. have the right to take advantage of such a benefit.
Important! Having the right to benefits does not lead to exemption from the need to fulfill requirements for individual coefficients, deadlines for paying insurance premiums, etc.
Registration procedure
Applying for a social pension is not so difficult if you follow all the rules:
- collect the necessary package of documents and correctly fill out the application;
- come to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation or the Multifunctional Center to submit documents;
- within 10 days the commission will review the papers and make its decision. The person will be notified of this via a notification;
- A person will receive their first pension the next month after submitting an application.
A person can apply for a social pension independently or through a representative.
However, he will still need to appear at a government office once. Everyone chooses which method to use on their own, since everyone has different physical abilities.
Is it possible to receive a pension if there is insufficient or no experience?
The Russian state is rightfully considered social. Even if a person has never officially worked in his life, and deductions have never been made for him to extra-budgetary funds, he will not be left without a means of subsistence in old age.
In the absence or insufficient experience, as well as in a situation where a person has no or insufficient points, he is assigned a social pension. It has several significant differences:
- Can only be assigned to disabled persons. It is impossible to work and receive social pension payments at the same time.
- The size of insurance pension payments, of course, will be greater than social ones. But it's still better than nothing.
- The age for assigning social benefits is higher. It is increased by 5 years and rises along with the standard age for assigning pension benefits.
Read more: Old-age pension without work experience
Having a certain length of work experience is an important condition for assigning pension insurance. If it is not enough, then the person can only count on social pension payments, which are assigned 5 years later. But we must not forget that in order to retire and receive the required monetary support from the state, other conditions must also be met.
What documents are needed
The social pension is paid from the federal budget, and this action requires serious reasons. Such grounds are a person’s personal documents:
- an application completed in accordance with the established procedure;
- a certificate confirming the right to government payments;
- passport, regardless of citizenship;
- foreigners living in the Russian Federation must provide a residence permit;
- if a person belongs to the peoples of the Far North, documentary evidence of this fact is necessary;
- if the registration is carried out by a trusted person, then a notarized power of attorney is required;
- employment history.
A person has the right to apply for a social pension only after reaching a certain age, which is prescribed by law. To apply for benefits, the commission may require additional paperwork.
