To do this, a certain age limit is established at the state level, up to which the employee must work. Age may vary To achieve this, changes are being made to the pension reform.
State compensation for length of service is calculated depending on how long a person officially worked and in what industry. Experience can be ordinary or special. As for the second, additional allowances may be provided for it.
A person who is just starting his career often thinks about what benefits he can earn by working in his chosen industry.
About pension for harmful factors
What is a preferential pension for hazardous work? To know how it is formed, it is enough to understand that the employer transfers funds to the pension fund for the employee working in hazardous production throughout the entire period of his work.
Classification of harmful factors at work
All accruals are regulated by law and are established on the basis of a special assessment of working conditions, as well as based on the name of the position or profession, type of production. A preferential pension is not provided without reason; this requires special conditions.
You can consider separately what factors an employee is exposed to and how they affect the body.
| Factor | Description |
| Physical | During the work shift, the worker is affected by the physiology of the labor process. This includes a forced working posture while standing, exposure to the light spectrum, noise characteristics, and study in areas, namely: ultraviolet, infrared and electromagnetic. The excess of these factors is assessed by experts involved in special assessments. |
| Dangerous | The word “danger” speaks for itself, that in this place you can get injured and in no way will it be possible to organize the technological process differently. These include working on equipment with open rotating mechanisms, as well as working at heights and with explosive substances. |
| Chemical | Labor activities associated with chemical vapors exceeding the maximum permissible parameters are also classified as hazardous production. This assessment is established by an expert organization. |
| Biological | These are labor process factors associated with the use of biological substances, for example, cleaning bathrooms. |
| Mental and other nervous overloads | These loads include: the monotony of the work performed, overload caused by emotional overstrain, sensory overload. |
All harmful factors of the production process, according to GOST requirements, have maximum permissible values.
For information about harmful and dangerous factors in production, watch this video:
Conditions for early resignation from office
According to current legislation, all work activity is conditionally divided into 4 categories, each of which is based on the degree of risk factors for health and life:
- optimal - a healthy microclimate is preserved and maintained on the territory and in the interior, which has a positive effect on labor productivity;
- acceptable - normal conditions are maintained, the level of harmful factors does not exceed acceptable standards;
- harmful - permissible standards are exceeded, which causes harm to human health;
- dangerous - working conditions can cause serious harm to health, sometimes pose a threat to life.
In turn, harmful and dangerous industries are divided into 4 degrees of severity:
- Changes that begin in the human body are reversible and usually appear after completion of work. Such ailments are called “occupational diseases” in medical slang;
- Pathological changes appear more pronounced and often lead to temporary loss of ability to work (a person regularly goes on sick leave). Here, chronic illnesses caused by professional activities most often develop;
- Irreversible processes occur in the body that can lead to partial loss of ability to work;
- Severe functional disorders of internal organs and systems occur, which in advanced cases leads to the assignment of a non-working disability group.
It is necessary to understand that the classification of hazardous working conditions is carried out at the legislative level, and the degree of harmfulness of a certain production is assessed by authorized organizations and supervisory authorities. Typically, inspections in this area are carried out by representatives of the labor inspectorate and Rostrud.
The activities of employees of these departments are based on the following legal framework:
- Articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
- Government Decree No. 188 of March 29, 2002 “On approval of lists of industries, professions and positions with hazardous working conditions, work in which entitles citizens working with chemical weapons to social support measures.”
- Federal Law No. 426 “On special assessment of working conditions.”
An employee must take care of early retirement due to disability in advance. Papers are submitted to the pension fund one or two years before the accumulation of work experience. Employees of the government agency will study the applicant’s work record and make a decision on providing the citizen with financial support.
To complete and submit an application, the employee prepares a number of documents:
- passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- employment history;
- certificates confirming that the position belongs to the list of hazardous professions;
- employment contract;
- for men - military ID.
If necessary, pension fund employees will require additional papers and a commission opinion on the degree of harmfulness of work at the enterprise. During the year before leaving the legal holiday, the citizen provides the listed papers for preliminary registration of insurance payments. If the application is submitted electronically, the employee has three months to prepare additional papers.
If a citizen applies to the pension fund after reaching retirement age, he will have to wait for a decision on increasing pension payments and obtaining a pensioner’s certificate at his own expense. The government body is not obliged to return money to citizens who did not take care of processing payments in advance.
About production
A preferential pension is provided to citizens whose activities are related to hazardous industries, these include:
- prospecting for minerals or natural resources;
- metallurgical industry;
- coke production, coke-chemical;
- production related to the maintenance of gas stations and other workshops;
- industry of discrete elements and parts;
- chemical industry;
- production engaged in the production of initiating materials, gunpowder, as well as ammunition equipment;
- processing of metal, gas, oil or coal;
- production of electrical products;
- nuclear and energy products;
- other industries and productions.
The list of industries granting the right to a preferential pension has been documented and is actively used at enterprises and other organizational structures.
What are the conditions for granting a pension?
What is the difference between assigning a pension according to list 1 or list 2? First, let’s consider the conditions for retirement according to the first list:
- it is necessary to have a total work experience at the enterprise in hazardous conditions of at least 10 years;
- the total work experience must be at least 20 years;
- if the citizen is 50 years old.
Under what conditions do people retire due to harmfulness?
Total length of service is the time actually worked in hazardous and normal conditions. If all the conditions for granting a preferential pension are met, then male representatives can retire at age 50, that is, 10 years earlier than the due date, but they can continue to work.
Lists of hazardous professions
For citizens with a sufficient number of years of work in a hazardous enterprise, retirement due to hazardous conditions is possible: the list of professions that guarantee this right is determined by law.
The degree of danger of work, the list number and the number of years of experience are communicated to the employee when concluding an employment contract. Performing duties in a hazardous enterprise is associated with an increased likelihood of injury, exposure to hazardous substances and harmful environmental factors. The full list of specialties that correspond to the first or second category of hazard includes the following areas of activity:
- mining, work in the mountains and underground;
- work with ferrous and non-ferrous metals, metallurgy;
- production of ammunition, gunpowder and other explosives;
- working with chemical reagents;
- processing of coal and petroleum products;
- design and assembly of electrical and radio equipment;
- work in the field of nuclear energy.
In companies specializing in the listed industries, positions are assigned a hazardous category. By decision of the Labor Protection Commission, employees have access to benefits, financial support from the state and early retirement according to the 2nd list of harmful conditions.
How are contributions from employers calculated?
Based on regulations adopted at the state level, monthly contributions from the employer to the Pension Fund are calculated. The general interest rate is 22% and it, in turn, consists of:
- 6% - this percentage is transferred to the payment of benefits and other current expenses;
- 16% is the insurance part of pension payments. That is, 10% is spent on the insurance part of the pension, and 6% on the funded one.
The determination method has common features. In practice, cases of early retirement for a well-deserved rest are quite common. This is a contingent associated with activities in hazardous or hazardous industries. The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation provides special accounts for these citizens, formed on the basis of the transferred contributions of their employers.
The administration of any organizational structure is obliged to transfer funds to the Pension Fund to separate accounts for employees who work in hazardous conditions. Which contributions are paid specifically are established on the basis of a special assessment of the conditions of the labor process.
If no expert verification was carried out, then contributions are 9% for the first list of professions and positions and 6% if the employee works on the second list. There is also a more differentiated approach to this circumstance, namely, contributions are transferred in the amount of 2–7% and this depends on the subclass of conditions for harmfulness, and for special conditions - 8%.
How is the harmfulness of a profession determined?
The assessment of labor hazard indicators in the company is carried out under the guidance of the employer and a special commission. Whether a position belongs to the list of 2 professions for early retirement is determined by employees of the labor department and labor protection specialists.
The commission carries out its work in accordance with Law No. 246-FZ “On Special Assessment of Working Conditions”. During the inspection, factors present at the enterprise that are potentially dangerous to the physical condition of employees are measured. The commission evaluates the presence of harmful fumes in the air, noise, lighting, and the effect of chemical compounds or electromagnetic fields on the body of employees.
Next, the labor class is determined in accordance with GOSTs valid in the Russian Federation. If a number of factors detrimental to health are discovered at an employee’s workplace, the position is classified as one of the hazard subclasses. Further, in accordance with Article No. 14 of Federal Law No. 246, the profession is included in one of the lists of hazards.
How to calculate your pension
Basic rules for calculating pensions
To calculate the calculation of pension payments according to the second list of harmfulness, you can use simple calculations, namely: multiply the pension coefficient by the cost of one pension point.
The pension calculation coefficient is determined by summing up the insurance part of the pension and the funded part.
The pension benefit is calculated by summing:
- The savings portion multiplied by the total size and multiplied by the bonus coefficient.
- The product of the fixed payment and the bonus coefficient is added to the received amount.
If an employee goes on a well-deserved rest period due to preferential service, then in addition to the pension he is entitled to an additional payment. This payment amount is guaranteed at the state level for persons who have worked in hazardous industries for a specified period. How to make such an additional payment is up to the employer to decide. The amount of additional payments is set at least 4% of the minimum tariff rate.
Registration of pension payments
To apply for an early pension, a citizen must follow the following algorithm:
- Go to the Pension Fund branch at the place where it is registered. You can also contact the Pension Fund through the MFC.
- The next step is to write a statement to this social body.
If a citizen, for some reason, cannot go to the Pension Fund of Russia, then another person can do it for him, the main thing is that the latter has a power of attorney certified by a notary. Only in this case is the document recognized as valid.
To save time and have time to get everything done, it is recommended to fill out an application in the prescribed form via the Internet. The countdown for registration of pension payments must begin from the date of submission of the application.
Each citizen himself submits an application to the Pension Fund upon reaching retirement age. Moreover, it is necessary to submit a complete package of documents, including general and preferential work experience in the organizational structure. A time has been set for this - no less than a month before retirement age. In addition to the application, it is necessary to prepare documents regarding the employee’s accruals, that is, pay slips or certificates.
