What are emigration and immigration?
These terms mean the movement of people from one country to another for the purpose of changing their place of residence. Both words can mean a process, when it comes to a group of people, or a single event, when it comes to one person.
The word “emigration” comes into our vocabulary from Latin: emigro translates as “moving out.”
Emigration is the departure of residents from one country to another to live. Applies to the country from which they emigrate. Emigration from Russia: a resident of Russia leaves for another country.
The word “immigration” comes from the Latin immigro, which means “I move in.”
Immigration is the entry of residents of one country into another for temporary or permanent residence. This term applies to the country to which one is moving. Immigration to Italy means that a person moves to Italy.
The USA is the most popular country among migrants
Both concepts are associated with a change of country of residence.
Emigration and immigration - what is the difference is now clear: in the first case - departure, in the second - entry, i.e. these are opposite actions.
Forms of migration
One of the most common forms of migration is labor. It is divided into two separate types:
- Internal - occurring within the borders of one state;
- International migration is when a person moves to another country to find work.
Read also: Checking the readiness of a residence permit
In turn, such labor migration has two aspects: negative and positive. Among the positive aspects of changing your place of residence for employment are:
- Reducing the total amount of expenses in the home country for maintaining migrants;
- Migrant workers provide an influx of funds, most of which goes to families remaining in their home country;
- Increase in the number of jobs.
Among the negative aspects of migration are:
- The outflow of specialists, which subsequently leads to a shortage of personnel;
- The fact of illegal migration, which entails a decrease in the level of security in the country and an increase in unemployment;
- Reduction in the number of jobs in the country where the migrant worker came.
In most cases, labor migration is viewed solely as a negative phenomenon, so many countries seek to resolve this problem on their own. For example, this may be due to the fact that a large number of low-skilled workers are constantly entering the state and at the same time there is an outflow of specialists.
Expats and immigrants: what's the difference?
Immigration
An emigrant is a person who leaves a country. A person who comes from another country is an immigrant. The difference is in the direction of travel.
These two concepts are interchangeable. If a Russian citizen immigrated to Italy, this will mean that for Italy he is an immigrant, but for Russia he is an emigrant. Be that as it may, the resident still left one country to settle in another.
Note! To remember the difference between the meanings of words, you need to know that the word “emigrant” always applies “from”, “from”, and the word “immigrant” - “to”, “where”.
Migration and immigration: the difference
Temporary registration and temporary registration - what is the difference
The word “migration” again comes from the Latin - migratio, which is translated as “relocation”.
This scientific term is used in many fields: biology, physics, law, geology, sociology, economics.
White Pelican Migration
Immigration is considered only by sociology and migration science.
The modern concept of migration in sociology is the movement of populations between countries.
Migration is a process that involves the immigration and emigration of people in large or small groups. Migration can be internal or external. Internal occurs within the country, external occurs outside its borders. If we compare migration and immigration, then immigration is a component of external migration.
How to emigrate or immigrate correctly
Or it is also often found: “Which is correct: emigrant or immigrant?” If a person asks such questions, it means that he does not understand at all how emigration, migration and immigration differ. Basic information about migration was given at the beginning, now let’s move on from the general to the specific.
Emigration of the population is a purely voluntary process of leaving the home country to which a person belongs. As a rule, by “emigration” we mean a one-time departure for a long period of time or, as they say, with ends. In this case, a person does not necessarily have to renounce citizenship or renounce the citizenship of his state. Those who emigrate are called "emigrants".
Most countries of the world, and Russia is ahead of the rest, are actively fighting illegal migration. We are talking specifically about immigration, which involves the entry of a foreign citizen into the territory of another country and stay on its territory. People who immigrate are called "immigrants".
Another little trick that will allow you to use “immigrate” or “emigrate” correctly. They always emigrate “from” the country, and immigrate “to” the country.
Reasons for population migration
What makes people leave one country and come to another:
- desire to change the quality and conditions of life for the better;
- desire to realize one’s professional qualities;
- the goal of changing a job to a higher paying one with better working conditions;
- the need to change and renew your life;
- desire to get a good education;
- the need to leave environmentally unfavorable conditions;
- the need to change the climate due to the health status of oneself or loved ones;
- desire to marry or unite with relatives;
- the need to avoid ethnic or social conflicts;
- ongoing military operations in the country;
- conflict situations in the family or at work.
Also, migrants and emigrants may find themselves in random life circumstances.
Monument to Emigrants in Toronto
Types of immigration
Expert opinions regarding the division of migration into types may differ. Depending on the reasons, it can be divided into economic and political. Regarding the migration laws of the receiving party: legal and illegal. Depending on the category of citizens wishing to immigrate:
- independent (professional);
- business immigration.
Independent actually depends on many personal circumstances: age, work experience, level of knowledge of a foreign language and education, whether there are relatives in the potential country, whether the immigrant can count on sponsorship, whether the type of activity is considered scarce, what level of real labor skills.
Professional immigration is usually the most popular.
Business immigration has three types:
- program for investors;
- program for entrepreneurs;
- self-employment.
Important! The program for investors has advantages over other types. The candidate will not be subject to additional requirements for obtaining a permanent residence visa: passing a certain exam, educational scores and age. In addition, in this case, the time for reviewing documents is reduced, which is very convenient. Naturally, the applicant must have the required amount of assets established by state policy.
When immigrating under the entrepreneur program, those wishing to do so are subject to requirements regarding the amount of necessary financial resources. Each applicant undergoes an interview. Anyone wishing to leave must prove their level of professionalism and that they can establish a thriving business in the new country.
Self-employment is provided for people who are gifted or have achieved certain success in sports, culture, science or art. When immigrating under this program, there are no requirements regarding a person’s financial condition, but the immigration services will still check the availability of funds for settling in a new place of residence.
Immigration to Russia
Today many people have a desire to move to Russia. The foreign policy situation is of great importance in increasing the number of foreigners coming to the country. Among those wishing to move there are also representatives of foreign businesses. Many people from the CIS have relatives in Russia. Everything influences the growth of immigration.
Ways to settle in Russia:
- move in with close relatives (children, parents, siblings, grandparents);
- marry a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- find a job yourself;
- find employment as a highly qualified specialist in demand in the country by invitation;
- organize your business;
- enroll in an educational institution;
- immigrate as a scientist or artist;
- receive refugee status.
Russia is one of the top three countries in the world in terms of the number of immigrants, the United States holds the palm, and Germany is in second place. Such popularity of the Russian Federation is associated with the competent migration policy of the state.
Immigration
Immigration - build a happy future abroad. Everyone has the right to live where they can afford. We have been given the freedom to pursue happiness wherever we can go, fly, swim - in order to get it.
What lies behind the desire to immigrate to another country?
A person who decides to move has many reasons for this. We want to devote a little time to them, some reasons will seem obvious to you, some will surprise you, but many will push you and give you food for thought that will contribute to your desire to move.
Programs you can use to emigrate
Calculating the number of foreigners in Russia is not so easy. According to statistics, approximately 10 million migrants live in the Russian Federation. Only a little more than half of them are legal. The most popular cities remain Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as other large cities where it is easiest to find a job. Urbanization—the growing role of cities in the development of society—is making the Russian outback unpopular for visitors.
During the period of economic growth of the country, in 2000, many immigrants came from the countries of the former USSR.
Note! In 2021, about 80% of visitors are from neighboring countries, half of them are Asians. These are mostly able-bodied men. Russia is the most popular for Tajiks, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and Moldovans. There are also quite a lot of visitors from Ukraine and Belarus. Non-CIS countries are mostly represented by immigrants from China, Vietnam and Afghanistan.
On the one hand, immigrants provide an increase in the labor force. The other side of the coin: there are a large number of illegal workers in the country, the calculation of which is not an easy task. They reduce the cost of labor and worsen the crime situation.
Emigration of Russians
The emigration of Russians is a process that has happened and is happening at all times.
Fyodor Chaliapin - famous opera singer, emigrated from Russia to France in 1922
Emigration from Russia has recently become more relevant and widespread; just look at the statistical number of migrants in Europe.
According to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services, during 2017, more than 2.6 thousand Russian citizens expressed a desire to seek asylum in the United States. This figure is 40% higher compared to 2016.
In 2021, 44 thousand highly qualified specialists left Russia. Emigration processes in the country increased after the annexation of Crimea in 2014, when sanctions were introduced by Western countries and the economy deteriorated.
The average Russian can afford to move to another country. To do this, you need to choose the right migration program. According to statistics, the three most popular countries in 2021 are the USA, Germany and Canada. They are followed by Israel, Great Britain, Finland, and Australia.
Important! The shortest way to emigrate is to obtain a residence permit.
Not every person can get used to the realities of another country and forget their homeland; there are also situations when a former emigrant returns to Russia.
Different countries have special programs for emigrants. They are created for students, for professional workers, for those who want to come to another state for the purpose of political asylum, for those who want to reunite with their family, for those who want to open their own business.
In general, the process of migration is natural to human nature, but any country should strive for development and prevent the drain of professionals abroad.
What is immigration
Immigration refers to the process of a person entering the territory of another country. Among the reasons for such migration are:
- The host country has a stable economic environment, a favorable social situation;
- Special benefits are provided for low-income categories of citizens;
- A person has the opportunity to calmly carry out work and receive good pay for it;
- There is no threat to life or health;
- The country has adopted tolerant laws;
- The housing and communal services tariffs established in the host country and the cost of food and essential goods allow you to live peacefully and with dignity.
Often, it is the above factors that are decisive when a person decides to move to another country for permanent residence.
But before entering another state, a person must take care to study the regulations relating to the stay of migrants in the country. Sometimes the reality for visitors can be worse than in their homeland.
Types of Immigration
Immigration is divided into two separate types:
- Self-sufficient (independent);
- Business.
The positive and negative aspects of each immigration option directly depend on how much a person was able to foresee the nuances of staying in the territory of another country. Such nuances depend on several circumstances:
- How much is his specialty in demand in another country;
- Standard of living in the visiting country;
- Legislation regarding visitors;
- Possibility of obtaining citizenship.
What kind of immigrants are required?
Most often, migrants are attracted to countries with a well-developed standard of living, so the most frequent destinations for relocation are the USA, Germany and Canada.
But as practice shows, these countries rarely welcome all visitors with open arms. As a rule, states accept migrants only in a few cases:
- If you need to increase the personnel reserve, without spending money and time on training your own young specialists;
- Get highly qualified specialists for a small salary compared to how much money your own employees require;
- It is necessary to fill the staff with young employees.
Read also: How to win a green card in the USA in 2021
Of course, migration significantly influences the development of the economic situation in the country, but often it also turns out to be a factor that worsens the criminal situation. To curb such violations, receiving states often prescribe what kind of migrants they require.
