Most Russians associate Europe with a measured life, tranquility and prosperity. And when it comes to England, one thinks of castles with Victorian architecture, happy faces of local residents, numerous boutiques, restaurants and pubs. But, although wages in England are noticeably higher than in Russia, everyday expenses to meet the needs of life offset this difference.
Features of the labor market in England
Unemployment in England during January–July 2021 decreased from 4 to 3.8%. The number of unemployed citizens is approximately 1.3 million, and 32.7 million people have a permanent job.
Compared to 2021:
- the number of hired workers increased by 401 thousand;
- the share of self-employed decreased by 94 thousand people.
The labor market in England as a whole shows contradictory trends. One of them is manifested in a confident increase in demand for highly qualified labor. For this reason, average wages in England are rising steadily.
On the other hand, there is an expansion of the market for low-skilled labor, whose representatives claim the minimum income established by the state from working. In 2021, there are approximately 20% of all workers in England.
Regarding the employment of immigrants from the countries of the post-Soviet space, there is a peculiarity: they will be able to fill a vacant position, but there were no applicants for it among the British or citizens of the European Union.
Vacancies and prospects for migrants
According to analytical data, the English labor market is experiencing a shortage of specialists in the field of medicine, tourism, services, construction, as well as social workers, financiers, waiters, and programmers.
The most in-demand professions for emigrants and refugees in 2020 are:
- tutor;
- truck driver;
- nanny;
- bartender;
- cook;
- foreign language teacher (teaching, translation);
- secretary, assistant manager;
- travel agency manager;
- welder;
- worker;
- photographer;
- shop assistant;
- Social worker.
The professions of policeman and plumber are also popular.
The most popular professions in England
The large flow of immigrants has led to a decline in available jobs in England, one of the richest countries in Europe. In terms of job success, the highest paid professions in England require the applicant to specialize in a particular field of activity and be fluent in English. Let's briefly look at some of them.
- The position of top manager remains popular. This specialist must perform a wide range of responsibilities, ranging from ensuring the most efficient work of the team and ending with the promotion of the company's products and services. Due to the heavy workload and responsibility, the average salary in England per month for a top manager is by no means small - about 15 thousand euros.
- The next highest earning and, accordingly, most popular profession is the medical profession. English medicine is considered to be one of the best in Europe. Therefore, British universities impose extremely strict requirements on students, especially visitors. But having a medical education diploma provides its owner with a decent standard of living. Thus, the average salary of a doctor - dentist, surgeon, obstetrician - reaches 176 thousand euros per year.
- The third most popular positions in England are marketers and economists. The income of specialists in banking and finance fluctuates around 130 thousand euros per year.
- The profession of lawyer is also popular in Foggy Albion. It is in Cambridge and Oxford that some of the most prestigious law schools in the world operate. The salary of a good lawyer is approximately 117 thousand euros per year.
- With the development of computer technology, England, like other countries, needs highly qualified IT specialists. Earnings in this area range from 9.17 thousand to 9.75 thousand euros per month.
- The profession of a school teacher attracts many with its stability and transparent prospects for growth. In addition, it is not necessary to graduate from a pedagogical institute: after receiving higher education, it is enough to attend a one-year teacher training course. Thus, the same certified electronics engineer who moved to the outback of the country, where there are no enterprises of the corresponding profile, can, after studying in these courses, find a job at a local school and teach the subject “Computer Literacy”. And, although the average salary of a teacher in England is relatively low by local standards - only 32.6 thousand euros per year, this option for obtaining a permanent job is also popular. Moreover, teachers can count on a bonus, for example, for additional administrative workload.
Average salaries in the UK for the most in-demand professions
The average salary in the UK ranges from £2000-4000, this amount corresponds to the standard of living and ensures decent living in the country. But some Brits still complain! They can be understood, since they also have quite a lot of expenses. According to the analysis, the cost of living of an average family, consisting of parents and two children, is £2870 or 250705.0 rubles. To receive this kind of money you must work in the following positions:
| Professions: | GBP | USD | RUB |
| Civil Engineer | 3 350 | 4 355 | 293 895 |
| Design engineer | 3 449 | 4 484 | 302 601 |
| Environmental engineer | 3 230 | 4 200 | 283 435 |
| Driver | 2 923 | 3 800 | 256 441 |
| Programmer | 3 395 | 4 414 | 297 877 |
| Architect | 3 585 | 4 661,0 | 314 545 |
| Designer | 2 669 | 3 470 | 234 171 |
| Microbiologist | 4 200 | 5 460 | 368 466 |
| Psychologist | 4 153 | 5 400,0 | 364 416 |
| General practitioner | 4 846 | 6 300 | 425 153 |
| Geneticist | 4 769 | 6 200 | 418 404 |
| Surgeon | 5 788 | 7 525 | 507 821 |
| Vet | 1 884 | 2 450 | 165 337 |
| Analyst | 3 230 | 4 200 | 283 435 |
| Accountant | 3 224 | 4 192 | 282 895 |
| Confectioner | 1 384 | 1 800 | 121 472 |
| Brewer | 3 458 | 4 495 | 303 370 |
| Cook | 1 459 | 1 897 | 128 018 |
| Baker | 1 461 | 1 900 | 128 220 |
| Musician | 2 661 | 3 460 | 233 496 |
| Editor | 1 769 | 2 300 | 155 214 |
| Translator | 2 692 | 3 500 | 236 196 |
| Advocate | 6 118 | 7 954 | 536 772 |
| Advertising Manager | 3 076 | 4 000 | 269 938 |
| Waiter | 797 | 818 | 69 920 |
| Taxi driver | 2 079 | 2 700 | 182 208 |
| picker | 2 068 | 2 689 | 181 466 |
| Logistics Manager | 3 230 | 4 200 | 283 435 |
| Salesman | 2 076 | 2 700 | 182 208 |
Salary level
The amount of wages in England depends on the employer, education, experience and skills of the specialist. The city of residence also matters. Income from work in London is noticeably higher than in the regions.
Minimum wage in England
In April 2021, the National Living Wage (NLW) in Albion increased by 4.9% to £8.21 per hour. The government made this decision on the recommendation of the independent body Low Pay Commission.
The minimum wage in England in 2021 at the updated level will ensure the growth of household income from work at a faster pace than inflation. However, the figure of £8.21 applies to people over 25 years of age.
General data on the growth of the minimum hourly wage by age category is presented in the table:
| New hourly rate, pounds | Previous hourly rate, pounds | Height, % | |
| NLW | 8.21 | 7.83 | 4.9 |
| 16–17 years old | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| 18–20 years old | 6.15 | 5.9 | 4.2 |
| 21–24 years old | 7.7 | 7.38 | 4.3 |
| Apprentice | 3.9 | 3.7 | 5.4 |
Thus, with a standard working week (43.7 hours), the minimum monthly earnings of a 30-year-old worker in England is:
8.21 × 43.7 × 4 = £1,435.11 (RUB 112,635.9)
For comparison: the minimum wage in the Russian Federation is 11,280 rubles.
The English labor market was stable during the first half of 2021 and, even despite the disruptions, the country's economy met the criteria for so-called sustainable growth. Taking this into account, experts have voiced an optimistic forecast: by 2021, the minimum wage in England should reach 8.62 pounds per hour.
average salary
Determining the real average earnings of an English worker is very difficult. The spread of this indicator throughout the country is very wide.
According to agencies that monitor the income of workers in England, the average salary is approximately 2,236 pounds per month or 26,832 pounds per year (respectively 176,242 and 2,114,904 rubles). Such salary indicators in Russia are considered very high.
Maximum salary
Let us remind you that the maximum salary of over 13 thousand pounds per month is received by the top manager of a successful company. By the way, this includes not only the CEO, but also other senior management employees.
To give a comprehensive answer about what the maximum salary in the UK is, let's say that the leaders in terms of income in the country are professional football players. The maximum salary for one player in 2021 is 500 thousand pounds per week.
What determines wages in the UK?
The balance of the UK economy allows us to keep most of the country's key development indicators at a consistently high level. The average salary continues to grow, despite the approaching date of the final break with the European Union and the consequences of a series of global crises that some European countries are still feeling. The income of a resident of the country increased over the past year by 2.1% (with a forecast of 1.8%).
The monetary unit of Great Britain is the pound sterling (£). At the beginning of 2020, it is equal to 1.33 USD or 81 rubles.
It is quite difficult for a foreigner to find a well-paid job in his specialty in the UK: the level of competition in the domestic labor market is high, and when choosing a candidate to fill a vacancy, the British employer gives preference to citizens of the country or representatives of the EU. To have an idea of what you can expect to earn in the UK, a potential migrant must consider the many factors that influence wages.
First of all, the qualification level of the applicant is taken into account. If an employer sees that an employee has unique knowledge and uses innovative methods and modern technologies in practice, of course, such a specialist will be offered a high salary. Numerous studies conducted in this area show that:
- men in the UK are paid 17% more than women;
- If the employee's work experience does not exceed one year, then his national average salary is £20,440 per year. The average salary for workers with more than 20 years of experience is £38,730 per year;
- employees of companies with 10 or fewer employees earn an average of £25,020 per year. If the number of employees is more than 50 thousand, they earn £40,300 per year;
- among the cities with the highest salaries are London, Cambridge, Bristol, Manchester, Birmingham, with the lowest - Mansfield, Wigan.
Pay levels by city and region in England
The range of salary values in different cities of Foggy Albion is significant. To verify this, check out the table:
| City | Minimum | Average | Maximum |
| Birmingham | 1201 | 4113 | 10672 |
| Liverpool | 321 | 2573 | 12511 |
| Leeds | 951 | 2602 | 6673 |
| Coventry | 918 | 4673 | 44037 |
But, as befits a capital, the highest salaries are in London. The maximum amount is 80,072 pounds per month, and the average is 5,220 pounds.
There are 9 regions in England. The income level of citizens is highest in the administrative centers of these territorial units. The table shows some examples in sterling.
| Region | Minimum | Average | Maximum |
| North West England (Manchester) | 960 | 4599 | 11872 |
| South West England (Plymouth) | 2267 | 4543 | 8338 |
| East of England (Cambridge) | 2001 | 6713 | 20010 |
| Yorkshire and Humber (Sheffield) | 1201 | 3037 | 16515 |
Factors for increasing salary levels
The average hourly salary in London in 2021 was £12.78. Average weekly earnings: £507. Since London is one of the world's major financial capitals, salaries are much higher here.
Salaries in England depend on many factors:
- education;
- profession;
- qualification level;
- work experience.
Salaries in the UK also depend on length of service. According to statistics, an employee with 20 years of experience earns 2 times more than a person with 1 year of experience. To get a good job in this country, you need to know the language, education, and be a highly qualified specialist with extensive work experience. Only after receiving specialized education can you increase your income.
English organizations attach the greatest importance to a person's qualifications. Work is assessed based on this indicator, and not on the quality of the work performed. Therefore, employees of companies and enterprises are trying to improve their professional level and work skills.
Enterprises in England use the Western European system of personnel incentives. This concept has three models:
- no bonuses - work is stimulated only by wages;
- bonus - additional payments based on successful performance results;
- individual bonus - the amount of payments depends on individual achievements at work.
Each employer uses a flexible payment system, which is based on the individual performance of the worker. Rating scales are used that allow highly qualified specialists to increase their earnings.
Salary in England by profession
The level of income in Foggy Albion for the highest paid professions was discussed above. But the employer will give a vacancy in any of them to a native Englishman rather than to a foreigner. Meanwhile, there are professions for which the applicant’s country of origin is not critical.
A list of them with data on how much people who have mastered these specialties earn in England is given in the table.
| Profession | Pounds | Russian ruble |
| Electrician | 2500 | 196215 |
| Plumber | 3000 | 235458 |
| Electronics engineer | 3650 | 286474 |
| Accountant | 4110 | 322577 |
| Policeman (officer) | 3237 | 254059 |
| Builder | 3220 | 252725 |
| Programmer | 3750 | 294322 |
| Web developer | 3217 | 252489 |
| Taxi driver | 3133 | 245896 |
| Bus driver | 2348 | 184285 |
| Postman | 1960 | 153832 |
Unfortunately, there is gender inequality in England. Women working in the same profession as men earn on average 17% less.
Average salaries for major cities in England
The table below shows the average monthly salaries for the largest cities in the country, with and after tax in approximate amounts. Also, for ease of understanding, net income is translated into Russian rubles and US dollars.
| City | Gross / Net, in British pounds sterling | Net equivalent to US and Russian currencies |
| London | £3 006 / £2 347 | $3 262 / 240 760 ₽ |
| Birmingham | £2 683 / £2 128 | $2 958 / 218 294 ₽ |
| Manchester | £2 656 / £2 109 | $2 932 / 216 345 ₽ |
| Sheffield | £2 639 / £2 097 | $2 915 / 215 114 ₽ |
| Liverpool | £2 560 / £2 044 | $2 841 / 209 678 ₽ |
| Nottingham | £2 547 / £2 035 | $2 829 / 208 754 ₽ |
| Bristol | £2 497 / £2 001 | $2 781 / 205 267 ₽ |
| Leeds | £2 409 / £1 941 | $2 698 / 199 112 ₽ |
| Bradford | £2 357 / £1 906 | $2 649 / 195 521 ₽ |
| Coventry | £2 341 / £1 895 | $2 634 / 194 393 ₽ |
The average level of key expenses in this country is given here.
What taxes are levied on wages?
The main tax that individuals pay on their salaries in England is income tax. It is calculated on a progressive scale.
From April 2021, the tax-free minimum has increased to £12,500 per year. The threshold for increasing taxation interest has also increased: from 34.5 thousand to 37.5 thousand pounds per year.
Thus, income tax in England on wages is calculated at the following rates:
- up to £12,500 per year – 0%;
- from 12,501 to 50,000 – 20% (base rate);
- from 50,001 to 150,000 – 40%;
- from 150,001 – 45%.
Let's briefly name other fees levied on salaries:
- Social insurance contributions. The employee pays these fees at the following rates: 12% - for salaries between £672 and £3,532 per month;
- 14% if his monthly income exceeds £3,532.
For a specialist salary of £672 or more, the employer pays an additional 13% of contributions.
- Local government tax. Payable from any home owned or rented. The funds go towards cleaning the streets, maintaining municipal institutions and the police. The establishment of the amount of this tax is within the competence of the local authority, so its value ranges from 200 to 2,500 pounds per year.
- Taxation of capital gains. Gain refers to profit from the sale of capital assets, which include real estate, bonds and shares. Citizens paying income tax at the base rate (20%) transfer 10% of the transaction volume to the state treasury, all others – 20%.
- Inheritance tax. In England, the rate is quite high - 40% of the value of the inherited property. But, by the way, this figure is even more important in France (up to 60%) and Germany (up to 50%).
- Stamp duty is a tax on the acquisition of real estate and land. In 2021, depending on the value of the purchase/sale transaction, it is charged at the following rates: up to 125 thousand pounds - 0%;
- from 125 thousand to 250 thousand – 1%;
- from 250 thousand to 500 thousand – 3%;
- from 500 thousand to 1 million – 4%;
- from 1 million to 2 million – 5%;
- over 2 million – 7%.
- from 11.85 thousand to 46.35 thousand pounds – 20% (base rate);
Tax residents of England with a place of residence in any other state are required to pay tax on income received exclusively in the territory of the Foggy Albion to the account of Her Majesty's Treasury.
For more information about other types of taxes, read the article: “Features of taxation in the UK.”
How much do IT workers earn in the UK and how much do they spend?
Awe, Coder!
Not long ago we had a video on our channel (
), where I looked at the average annual salaries of programmers in the UK, as well as some basic expenses, comparing London and (relative outback) Nottingham.
I think many readers of Habr will find this information useful, at least just for information and broadening their horizons.
So, a small table on programming languages, where I roughly divided the skill level into Junior, Middle and Senior. Of course, employers are looking for your knowledge and related technologies. Knowledge of Git, Linux, frameworks and others like it are also included in the list of requirements, although the main search query may be one programming language, but it is used rather as a flag for searching for vacancies.
Of course, only with knowledge of Core Java you are unlikely to be hired even as a junior, so for the legend, all the figures given imply additional knowledge, and if this topic is interesting, write in the comments, I will be happy to prepare material on the requirements for applicants - starting from technology and experience to English and soft skills.
And don’t write: “I have a friend in London, he earns more/less,” the figures below are the average temperature in the hospital, based on static data at the time the review was published.
You can look here and here.
What happens to the salary later? And then taxes start.
In the UK there is a PAYE (Pay As You Earn) system, that is, “pay in proportion to your earnings.” By design, it should adjust the percentage of tax collected depending on the amount earned by the individual.
By the way, since the level of income can conditionally “jump” due to bonuses, promotions, dismissals and other volatility, once a year you can receive a letter from HMRC - Her Majesty’s Financial Inspectorate stating that you either overpaid, and they will give you something they owe it there, or they didn’t pay enough, then, if you please, bring it in. Exactly how much you will contribute to the state is reflected in your tax code, that is, the tax code, which is revised once a financial year.
So, the percentage of taxation works at the following levels: Up to £12,500 per year - 0%. This is the so-called “non-taxable minimum”.
£12,501 - £50K - 20% Base Rate. Base rate. Typically, salary taxes for junior developers fall into this space. The average salary of a police officer is £26K per year. £50K - £150K - 40%. Higher Rate. Increased rate. £150K+ – 45% Additional Rate. Additional rate on everything above 150 thousand per year.
That is, if you earn, for example, £90K a year, then the first £12,500 will not be taxed, then you will pay 20% on the part of the salary in the range of £12,501 - £50K, 40% in the range of £50K - £150K, and 45% for everything else. Therefore, for many very well-earning developers, other financial incentive instruments are provided that are taxed significantly less, for example, dividends.
The exception is that when you earn over £100K a year, you lose a pound from the tax-free minimum for every 2 you earn over £100K.
You can look here
But that's not all. The country has a National Insurance system and every Briton who has reached the age of 16 or who comes to work for the first time is issued with a so-called National Insurance Number (NIN).
National Insurance is divided into classes, but on average, a self-employed developer will pay 12% into this fund.
You can look here.
Now let's look at other expenses that everyone will definitely encounter. Again, these are highly conservative numbers provided for general impressions. Below, I will leave a link to a website where you can see by city how much something costs and even compare it with the prices of your hometown.
The UK, like many other countries, is ranked from north to south by spending levels. Life in the northern counties, Scotland and Wales is much cheaper than in London or even on the south coast.
For example, I will compare the city of London, where you can buy a parking space in the area for £350 grand (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-s-most-expensive-car -parking-space-market-ps350-000-a6939011.html) and Nottingham, located in the East Midlands, the very center of England, with moderate prices of the average large city in the English north.
Renting a home. One bedroom flat - A one-bedroom apartment, but in fact: living room + bedroom + kitchen + bathroom and sometimes even a corridor, in London, depending on the distance from the center and the pretentiousness of the area, will cost on average from £1250 to £2500 per month. A similar property in Nottingham would cost £560-£800 per month.
Note/observation from life. In 2008, I rented a 3 bedroom house with parking in the suburbs of Nottingham for £450 a month. Then came the credit crunch. To save the economy, the Bank of England began feverishly printing papers and saving banks that were playing with subprime loans. As a result, the money supply in the country has increased and prices such as in 2008 will no longer be seen.
The dynamics of growth in the cost of real estate in the United Kingdom can be seen here.
Directly to the rent you need to add a communal apartment with the so-called “council tax” - a municipal tax, which includes: police work, firefighters, garbage collection and other needs of the city.
So, for council tax + water + electricity/gas + internet you can pay another £200-£300 a month. Again, the amount is so approximate that I feel uneasy. Naturally, energy consumption will depend on the time of year and lifestyle, just as municipal tax will depend on the municipality, but you have to start from something.
By the way, for illegal parking you can easily pay from £20 to £100 pounds, depending on the city.
If you still smoke, it’s better to stop smoking before moving, since a pack of Marlboro here costs £12, and the fine for throwing away a bull in the wrong place at the wrong time ranges from £50.
At the time of writing, petrol costs £1.24 and diesel £1.30. By the way, the price jumps every day, in addition, the European Union, from which the British safely sailed, lobbied for a law banning diesel engines. Electric gas stations, by the way, are not uncommon here and are often installed right in street parking spots, near supermarkets and even in the courtyards of residential buildings, since the government encouraged the purchase of electric cars with money and discounts.
If you don’t have a personal vehicle, the easiest way to get around London is by metro: from £130-£210 per month (Oyster card to help). But a travel pass in Nottingham, which includes city bus and tram, will cost £70 per month.
If you have a preschool child, or you decide to put down roots here, or it just “happens so,” then I advise you to stock up on cabbage in advance, because kindergarten will cost, on average, £50 PER DAY!
On a positive note, I would like to note that clothing (branded and luxury) is quite affordable relative to salaries. Food, organic at that, is also inexpensive; it is quite rare to come across counterfeit goods with overpriced price tags in British stores, because fines for incorrect labeling alone can easily reach £40 thousand per item.
People are quite friendly, well-fed, not inclined to make trouble over trifles, and very respectful of the queue, but snitching, so-called “reporting” and “whistleblowing”, are quite common.
Full of museums, iconic places, cultural and non-cultural events, as well as pubs, pubs, pubs, which often brew local ale.
If the topic is still interesting, write in the comments what other side of a developer’s life in Britain should be revealed, or the requirements for emigration and stuff like that.
Well, and of course, don’t forget to visit the channel.
And here is the promised “comparison site”
And if you are interested, here are some resources for finding jobs in the UK:
www.jobsite.co.uk www.indeed.co.uk www.monster.co.uk www.cwjobs.co.uk
And this was V, see you again!
Salary to living expenses ratio
Wages in England are among the highest among European countries. But the cost of food by Russian standards is quite high.
According to statistics, a resident of Foggy Albion spends an average of up to 450 pounds a month on food.
One of the significant expense items is utility bills. For example, the total average cost of electricity, heating, water supply and garbage removal when living in an 85 m2 apartment is 168 pounds (RUB 13,186).
The table shows prices in the supermarket chain Sainsbury's, aimed at the English middle class.
| Product name | Pounds | Russian rubles |
| Carrots, 1 kg | 1.2 | 94.18 |
| Cauliflower, 335 g | 0.6 | 47.09 |
| Bunch of green onions, 100 g | 0.6 | 47.09 |
| Plums, 700 g | 2.5 | 196.21 |
| Strawberry, 600 g | 4.5 | 353.19 |
| Apples, 1 kg | 1.95 | 153.05 |
| Bread, 0.5 kg | 1.5 | 117.73 |
| Chicken fillet, 1 kg | 12.99 | 1019.53 |
| Chicken legs, 1 kg | 7 | 549.4 |
| Pork, 1 kg | 10 | 784.86 |
| Veal, 1 kg | 26 | 2040.63 |
| Smoked salmon, 100 g | 4.5 | 353.19 |
| Milk, 2.5 l | 1 | 78.49 |
| Eggs, 12 pcs. | 2.75 | 215.84 |
| Pepsi-Cola, 2 l | 1.85 | 145.2 |
| Beer Stella Artois, 0.5 l | 2 | 156.97 |
| Martini Bianco, 0.7 l | 12 | 941.83 |
The most budget option for renting housing in London - subletting an apartment with neighbors - costs approximately 600 pounds (RUB 47,092) per month.
You can get an idea of the level of transport costs by looking at the average data for major English cities:
- the cost of a ticket for 1 trip on public transport is 2.8 pounds (220 rubles);
- monthly pass – 130 pounds (RUB 10,203);
- standard fare for a 1-kilometer taxi ride is 2.62 pounds (205.63 rubles);
- standard tariff for a 1-hour wait for a taxi is 24.87 pounds (1,952 rubles);
- the price of 1 liter of gasoline is 1.38 pounds (108.31 rubles).
The London Underground is divided into 9 zones: the further from the center, the greater the serial number. The cost of a trip for an adult, for example, from zone 1 to zone 6 is 6 pounds (471 rubles). Overall, Britons commuting to the capital from the suburbs spend around £387 on transport every month.
On average, an English family spends about 80% of its income on all of the above items of expenditure. Thus, saving on a regular basis is difficult. In fact, after paying all fiscal fees, the average salary covers only the basic needs of a working Englishman.
Unemployment level and real prospects for migrants
The unemployment rate in England at the beginning of the third quarter of 2021 was 3.8%. This is a record low since 1975. But this positive trend introduces some contradictory aspects into the employment situation in the country.
In particular, even a large number of local citizens working did not reduce the shortage of qualified labor resources. For this reason, employers are ready to recruit highly qualified workers also from among foreign specialists.
A significant number of foreign applicants, including citizens of third world countries, may cause a decrease in average salaries. The reason is the willingness of migrants to work for a much smaller amount of remuneration compared to native Englishmen, especially in positions that do not require high qualifications.
This factor may have a negative impact on the development of the English economy as a whole.
An independent search for work by a foreigner, including a native of the CIS countries, begins with registration on the official web portal.
To find a suitable vacancy and submit an application, you need to use the “Find a Job” service. In this case, the following mandatory conditions are put forward:
- confirmation of diploma;
- certification of English language proficiency level.
In any case, a specialist with a Russian diploma will receive less compared to his English counterpart.
Cities and regions with high earnings
The most promising cities with high wages:
- London;
- Manchester;
- Newcastle;
- Bristol;
- Leeds;
- Sheffield;
- Liverpool;
- Birmingham.
As parameters for assessing the standard of living, statistical data on salaries of different segments of the population, unemployment rates, housing costs and other expenses were assessed.
City of Manchester, England
