How to find out the size of your future pension? Many citizens have heard about the point system for calculating pensions, but do not understand how to apply it?
As the heroine of the film “Old Robbers” said, a pension should be given from 18 to 35 years, when it’s a sin to work - you only need to deal with your personal life. But this wish remained only in the film. And in the harsh reality, the majority of citizens have increased their retirement period.
But the increase in the retirement age will be gradual and some lucky people will still have time to cross the new retirement threshold.
So, the transition period for raising the age will last as long as 10 years - from 2021 to 2028.
To soften the pension blow, a special benefit is provided - a pension can be assigned six months earlier than the new pension period. This applies to those citizens who were supposed to retire in 2021 and 2021. by “old” age, i.e. 55 years for women and 60 years for men.
The pension for them will be assigned in a new way:
- in 2021: women aged 55.5 years and men aged 60.5 years;
- in 2021: women aged 56.5 years and men aged 61.5 years;
- in 2021: women aged 57 and men aged 62;
- in 2022: women aged 57.5 years and men aged 62.5 years, etc.
Important!
And, from 2028 onwards, women will retire at 60, men at 65.
Of course, in our country there are many benefit categories that can retire much earlier. Workers in “harmful” industries, “Chernobyl victims” and citizens of certain professions, as well as for social reasons, for example, mothers of many children, can retire early.
Despite the fact that retirement becomes an unattainable dream, people are interested in looking into the future and finding out the size of their pension.
A few words about where the money comes from to pay pensions to citizens.
Calculation algorithm
The calculation of pensions is based on the legislative norms of two Federal Laws: No. 400 of 12/28/13 and No. 173 of 12/17/01. The latter is not currently applied, with the exception of the provisions that govern the calculation of labor pensions. They are included in the general calculation that determines the amount of insurance pensions for citizens born before 1967. When determining age, the entire year 1966 is included.
The pension consists of two parts:
- fixed payment (you can also find the definition of “basic part”);
- insurance part.
In pension legislation there is also the concept of a funded pension, however, for the category of citizens in question, it is not calculated here due to the features that determine this payment of legislative norms.
A fixed pension payment aims to provide some kind of social guarantee to a pensioner.
The payment may increase if the pensioner belongs to categories defined by law: disabled people with dependents, working in northern conditions.
The insurance portion is calculated in several stages. The concept of a pension point is used in the calculations. These are conventional units into which a citizen’s salary and length of service are converted.
The insurance pension is calculated differently in different periods, in accordance with changes in legislation:
- until 2002;
- from 2002 to 2014 inclusive;
- since 2015.
For those born before 1967, the period for calculating the insurance pension until 2002 is primarily relevant. It is the most difficult, so we will consider the calculation procedure in detail.
Salary and experience are taken into account in the form of two indicators: the experience coefficient and the salary coefficient.
The experience coefficient is calculated as follows:
- with no more than 24 years of experience, including this year, a man can count on a coefficient of 0.55. This refers to any length of service up to the specified limit. From 25 years – the coefficient increases by 0.01 every year;
- with no more than 19 years of experience, a woman will have a coefficient of 0.55. From 20 years – the coefficient increases by 0.01 every year.
The highest value of the indicator is 0.75, in other words, if the calculation results in a larger value, 0.75 is taken.
The salary coefficient is calculated based on the average salary of a citizen for a certain period, in relation to the national average for the same period. The limit value here is 1.2.
Next, they are multiplied among themselves and multiplied by a fixed number 1671. This is the average monthly salary in the period from July 1 to September 30, 2001. It is fixed in the indicated amount of 1671 rubles and is used in calculations.
The next step is to deduct 450 rubles (the basic pension at the beginning of 2002). Then the so-called valorization is applied to the calculated amount, by 10% if there is any length of service before 2001. Additionally - 1% per year for length of service up to 1990 (inclusive).
Clue! Valorization is a one-time increase in the monetary value of the pension rights of persons with work experience earlier than 2002.
The calculated amount is further multiplied by a fixed value of 5.6148. This is the growth rate of the estimated pension capital, taking into account all indexations since 2002.
If a citizen continued to work after 2002 and contributions were made to the Pension Fund for him, they must be taken into account in the insurance pension. Then the above calculation is applied taking into account 228 - the expected period of pension payment in months, i.e. They calculate pension capital until 2002 as a whole, and not by month. The amount of contributions for the employee is added to the resulting amount and the total result is divided by 228.
The received monthly payment amount is converted into points at the cost of one in 2014. The result is the number of points as of January 1, 2015. Later, the calculation of pension points is done year by year. It is calculated by the ratio of the insurance premiums paid for the employee to the amount of insurance premiums with the maximum taxable salary. The maximum amount of the contributionable salary is set by the state. The resulting ratio is multiplied by 10. Next, the number of points is multiplied by the value of the point at the time of retirement.
What affects the size of the insurance pension?
The size of the insurance pension is not fixed, but is different for each pensioner. This is due to the fact that its formation depends on several factors related to the peculiarities of the citizen’s labor activity.
To understand how the pension payment is formed and its size is determined, it is important to note what parts it consists of.
Let's look at this question in more detail.
Fixed payment
A fixed payment is a fixed amount of money that is paid to citizens as part of an insurance pension. Its size, as the name suggests, is determined by law. It is not affected by the pensioner’s length of service or any other circumstances of work activity.
In accordance with the law, the size of this part in 2019 is 5334.14 rubles.
Important! The insurance pension is subject to periodic indexation. The law establishes that the latter must be carried out at least once a year. So, in January 2021, indexation was carried out by 7.05%. Accordingly, the size of the fixed payment increased from 4982.9 rubles to 5334.14 rubles.
Insurance part
The insurance part should be understood as the amount, the formation of which depends directly on the citizen. Thus, the insurance payment depends on the number and value of pension points. The latter, in turn, make up the volume of a citizen’s pension rights, which are made up of the amount of money transferred by the employer to the compulsory pension insurance system.
In other words, insurance premiums are converted into pension points, which are accumulated in the citizen’s personal account. The payment is calculated based on their number by the time they reach the required age, as well as the cost. The latter is established by law.
In 2021, the cost of one pension point is 87.24 rubles. Just like a fixed payment, it is subject to periodic indexation.
Allowances
To a large extent, the size of the insurance pension depends on various pension supplements. Their list is quite extensive, and the allowances are not given to everyone, but only to certain categories of persons.
So, for example, citizens who are recipients of an old-age insurance pension who have reached the age of 80 can count on an increase of 100% of the fixed payment. You should also note additional charges for dependents. In this case, the size of the allowances directly depends on their quantity.
In addition, bonuses are awarded for other reasons.
Thus, the size of the insurance portion depends on many individual factors, and therefore special calculation methods are used to determine it.
Calculation examples
Let's consider the given algorithm using conditional examples.
Example 1
The woman is retiring in 2015. The total work experience as of January 1, 2002 is 22 years. Of these, up to and including 1990, 12 years. Her insurance experience is over 20 years, which means that the coefficient of 0.55 is applicable. Add 0.01 * 2 = 0.02 for each additional year. The overall figure is 0.55 + 0.02 = 0.57.
Her average salary is calculated at 250 rubles, the national average is 210 rubles. The salary coefficient is 250 / 210 = 1.19. It is not higher than the established limit.
We multiply the coefficients by each other and by a fixed amount of 1671 rubles. 0.57 * 1.19 * 1671 = 1136.28 rubles. We deduct 450 rubles. 1136.28 – 450 = 686.28 rub.
The employee has work experience up to and including 2001, which means valorization of 10% is applicable. Let's add 1% for each year of experience available up to 1990 inclusive. According to the condition, this is 12 years. The total interest is 10 + 12 = 22%. Let's increase the calculated amount by them: 686.28 * 22% = 150.98. 686.28 + 150.98 = 837.26 rubles. Let's adjust the result to 5.6148. 837.26 * 5.6148 = 4701.05 rubles.
The fixed part of the insurance pension during the retirement period is 4383.59 rubles. If the employee does not have more work experience, then together with the fixed part her calculated pension will be 4,701.05 rubles. + 4383.59 = 9084.64 rub.
Methods for calculating pensions online
Not every person can calculate a pension independently without outside help, since there are features that require special care when studying. Internet sites are special portals that are equipped with all the required schemes and systems for calculating the payment amount online.
Many companies also provide pension calculators online, where you just need to enter the appropriate values. The opportunity to use the official resource of the Pension Fund should not be relegated to the background, since it provides the most accurate calculator with all kinds of extensions.
But it is important to remember that all online pension calculations are for informational purposes only and in practice may differ in size in both directions.
Is it possible to calculate an insurance pension on the pension fund website?
For the convenience of citizens, the official website of the state pension fund operates on the Internet, where there is a large number of different services. Among them, noteworthy is the pension calculator, which allows you to calculate the amount of your pension.
It is important to note that using this mechanism, calculations are made not only for citizens who retire this year, but also for younger workers. However, in the latter case, we can talk not about exact figures, but about predicted ones.
Many citizens are concerned about the issue related to the calculation of insurance pensions. It is quite simple to produce if you know the special formula and technique. In addition, there is a pension calculator on the Pension Fund website, which can be used to make calculations even easier.
Calculation of long-service benefits for civil servants
Citizens holding government positions have the opportunity to receive a pension only taking into account the time spent working in government agencies. To understand how pensions are calculated for civil servants in Russia, you need to familiarize yourself with the formula. The benefit is calculated as follows:
(45% SZ - SP) + SZ x 3% × ST = PVL , where:
- PVL—volume of accruals;
- SZ is the average income received by the employee;
- SP - payment provided upon the onset of old age;
- ST - time worked (according to the new legislation it must be at least 16.5 years).
to calculate pension benefits for municipal employees .
Example
Citizen Sviridova plans to retire in January 2021. By the time she leaves, her work experience will be 24 years. The average monthly income she received during the last working year is 43,000 rubles. The old age pension is 15,200 rubles.
It turns out: (45% x 43000-15200) + 43000 x 3% x 7.5 = 13825 rubles
The calculation of pensions for length of service for state civil servants is carried out taking into account the average salary received during the last working year.
How are long-service benefits calculated?
To correctly calculate such payments, not only the employee’s position is taken into account, but also the salary that he received during his working life.
The calculation of a civil servant's long-service pension in 2021 is based on formulas, which include:
- total period of time worked;
- average income per month (it is calculated based on the information specified in the income certificate for the last year);
- increasing or decreasing coefficient;
- allowances and increases;
- indexation (these changes in charges occur in accordance with inflation);
- deductions from pension payments.
For each profession that allows you to retire based on length of service, special formulas are used, and the funds due are calculated using them.
Step-by-step calculation instructions
To better understand how the insurance pension is calculated, a correct example of the calculation should be given.
Citizen Ivanova has reached a certain age when, by law, you can go on vacation after working for 25 years.
Having decided to independently calculate the due payment, she performed the following actions:
- I found out my IPC by logging into my personal account on the Pension Fund website. She has 66 points.
- I calculated the insurance part by multiplying the number of points by their cost in 2021 - 66*87.24 = 5757.84.
- Then I added the resulting value with the amount of the fixed payment: 5757.84 + 5334.19 = 11092.03.
Citizen Ivanova does not have any grounds for calculating bonuses or applying increasing coefficients. Thus, the size of her pension will be 11,092.03 rubles.
Calculation of pension payments to teachers
The work of citizens in the field of education is not without stress and tension. Therefore, the legislation of the Russian Federation has provided for the possibility of teachers taking a well-deserved rest based on their length of service.
The calculation can be done using the following formula:
FV + SB x St = PV, where:
- PV is a payment fixed by the state;
- SB - the number of points earned during the working period;
- St - cost per point.
By substituting the necessary data into the formula, you can calculate the amount of your pension yourself.
Example
Samsonova I.P. She has been working as a literature teacher for 26 years, and in February 201 she plans to retire. Over the years of work, she has accumulated 98 pension points.
The accrual calculation will look like this:
5334 + 98 x 93 = 14,448 rubles
When calculating output, all leaves taken by the teacher are taken into account, including maternity leave, if it was granted before October 6, 1992.
